SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


JWENILE    CATALOGS 


MARGARET  MANN 


SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


FOR  USE  IN 


DICTIONARY  CATALOGS 
0/ JUVENILE  BOOKS 


Margaret  Mann 


AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

PUBLISHING  BOARD 

CHICAGO 

1916 


Copyright,  1916 

BY 

American  Library  Association 
Publishing  Board 


t^°^ 


CONTENTS 

Page 
Preface  V 

The  catalog  of  juvenile  books 1 

General — Some  suggestions  for  handling  subjects: 
The  use  of  simple  terms,  The  use  of  definite  and  specific 
terms,  The  grouping  of  material  by  form  and  special  use, 
The  minute  analysis  of  books — Cooperation  in  work. 

SUBJECTS 

Stories    8 

Traditional  stories:  Myths,  Legends,  Sagas,  Fairy 
tales,  Fables — Stories  with  subject  value. 

Poetry.     Holidays   .- 15 

Collections — Poems  by  one  author — Poems  on  a  defi- 
nite subject — Readers  and  speakers — Holidays — Ballads 
— Folk  songs — Songs — Nursery  rhymes. 

Amusements 16 

Occupations  for  children — Scientific  recreations — 
Sports — Athletics — Physical  education — Games — Plays — 
Drama. 

Science.     Useful  arts 18 

General — Natural  history — Botany  and  Zoology — 
Plants  and  Animals — Flowers — Nature — Industries — 
Manufactures — Handicraft — Manual  training — Carpentry. 

Biography.    History.    Geography 20 

Collective  biography — Individual  biography — Heroes 
and  heroism — History — North  America — United  States 
— The  West — Frontier  life — Northwest  Territory — Wars 
— Battles — Explorers — Voyages — Travel — Manners  and 
customs — Geography. 

LIST  OF  HEADINGS 

Introduction    27 

Form  divisions — Subdivision  under  place — Place  ver- 
sus   subject   entry — References — Personal    names — Page 
references. 
Headings    30 

iii 


3286:^'^ 


PREFACE 

THIS  list  of  subject  headings  has  been  compiled  primarily  for 
use  in  cataloging  juvenile  books.  It  is  offered  as  a  less  ex- 
haustive and  less  expensive  guide  than  that  so  admirably  pre- 
pared for  the  A.  L.  A.  by  Miss  Briggs.  The  subjects  and  references 
are  those  used  in  the  dictionary  catalog  of  juvenile  books  in  the 
Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh,  but  the  style  and  form  have  been 
made  consistent  vv^ith  the  A.  L.  A.  list,  thus  allowing  additions  to 
be  taken  from  that  volume  w^ithout  loss  of  uniformity. 

While  there  has  been  no  attempt  made  to  supply  an  exhaustive 
Hst  of  subjects  for  use  in  any  other  than  the  juvenile  catalog,  it 
is  hoped  that  the  headings  here  included  may  be  found  helpfuffor 
cataloging  most  school  libraries  and  that  they  w^ill  furnish  many 
suggestions  in  the  selection  of  minute  headings  for  the  small  pub- 
lic library,  vv^here  it  is  often  found  necessary  to  do  extensive  analy- 
tical work. 

A  first  attempt  has  been  made  to  formulate  some  principles 
which  shall  assist  in  the  choice  of  subject  headings.  This  is  pos- 
sible when  considering  subjects  for  a  catalog  of  juvenile  books, 
because  a  sma-ll  collection  is  being  handled,  which  is  limited  to  one 
class  of  readers. 

I  wish  to  make  acknowledgment  to  Miss  Elva  S.  Smith,  who 
has  developed  this  list  of  headings  and  who  has  given  me  valuable 
assistance  in  my  attempt  to  correlate  the  work  of  the  cataloger  and 
the  children's  librarian.  Her  knowledge  of  children's  literature 
and  the  results  of  her  experience  in  cataloging  juvenile  books  have 
been  generously  shared  with  me. 

December,  1915.  Maro-aret  Mann. 


^THE  CATALOG  OF  JUVENILE  BOOKS 

IN  MAKING  a  catalog  of  juvenile  books  it  is  necessary  to  put 
into  it  a  combination  of  the  technique  of  cataloging  and  a  knowl- 
edge of  literature  as  it  is  written  for  children. 

The  books  have  been  written  in  a  special  style  to  make  them 
interesting  and  instructive  to  young  people;  they  are  made  up  of 
chapters  which  interest  and  hold  by  their  brevity  and  simplicity; 
there  is  often  no  attempt  made  to  give  a  continuous  narrative, 
and  subjects  are  never  treated  in  an  exhaustive  way  as  they  are  in 
the  books  for  older  readers.  The  classics  are  retold,  and  mythology 
and  folklore  are  not  presented  as  subjects  of  religion  and  customs, 
but  rather  as  stories  which  are  used  to  introduce  the  child  to  litera- 
ture. It  is.  not  the  subject  matter  which  differs,  but  rather  the 
way  it  is  treated,  both  as  to  content  and  style,  which  brings  a  dif- 
ferent phase  of  work  into  the  making  of  a  catalog  for  children. 

Stories  must  be  studied  both  for  their  literary  and  their  sub- 
ject value  so  that  the  catalog  may  show  what  the  child  is  unable  to- 
find  for  himself  because  of  his  limited  knowledge.  We  must  bear 
in  mind  the  fact  that  children  have  no  background  of  experience, 
that  they  are  unfamiliar  with  even  the  terms  and  expressions  com- 
monly known  and  used  by  adult  readers  and  that  they  are  unable 
to  classify  material  for  themselves.  Their  catalog  must  therefore 
be  much  more  an  instrument  of  instruction  than  is  the  catalog  for 
adult  readers,  by  showing  them  howsubjects  are  related.  It  must 
index  chapters  in  their  books  which  they  have  no  way  of  finding, 
and  lead  them  to  stories  which  will  tell  them  about  Napoleon, 
Roland,  Iceland,  Indians  and  any  other  subjects  which  are  not 
brought  out  by  the  classification  of  books  on  the  shelves.  We 
must  study  their  needs  as  well  as  their  books  so  that  the  catalog 
will  come  v>^ithin  the  range  of  their  understanding  and  answer 
their  demands. 

Our  problem  is  therefore  to  make  a  catalog  which  shall  be  so 
simple  that  we  can  explain  it  to  children  and  have  them  under- 
stand it ;  so  full  that  it  will  answer  not  only  the  demands  of  chil- 
dren, but  those  of  teachers  and  assistants  as  well,  and  so  uniform 
with  other  library  guides  that  the  child  can  pass  from  the  use  of 
one  to  the  other  without  confusion. 

Those  who  select  the  books  in  a  library  do  so  with  some  defi- 
nite aim  in  mind — that  of  supplying  a  definite  want  or  of  pro- 

1 


vidiiig  ior'a'p'rof)abft  need.  The  cataloger  must  work  with  a  sim- 
ilar purpose  in  mind — that  of  makinfj  the  catalog  show  that  this 
need  has  been  supplied.  Otherwise  she  is  not  properly  cooperating 
with  those  who  are  making  the  selection.  If  Gatty's  "Parables 
from  nature"  is  used  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  children  good 
material  on  ethical  topics  and  the  cataloger  does  not  emphasize 
these,  the  full  value  of  this  book  has  not  been  disclosed,  because 
the  catalog  fails  to  express  the  essential  purpose  for  which  the 
book  was  selected. 

If  the  responsibility  of  arranging  correctly  the  juvenile  liter- 
ature and  making  it  available  rests  with  the  cataloger,  she  should 
have  a  knowledge  of  the  special  use  made  of  the  various  forms  of 
literature  b}^  those  who  work  with  children.  She  must  know  the 
various  forms  of  stories  and  what  emphasis  is  given  them,  she 
must  know  their  value  as  supplementary  reading  and  must  know 
how  to  group  them  properly  so  that  they  may  be  used  as  stepping- 
stones  to  literature.  Legends  and  myths  must  be  defined,  and 
fairy  tales,  sagas  and  fables  must  be  grouped  under  their  correct 
headings.  The  reader  must  not  be  confused  by  having  material 
listed  under  subjects  on  which  the  book  has  no  direct  bearing.  In 
some  of  the  outdoor  books,  for  example,  we  find  Boy  scouts  intro- 
duced to  lure  the  boys  to  read  special  titles,  and  one  is  tempted  to 
enter  these  books  under  the  heading  Boy  scouts,  but  as  a  matter 
of  fact  the}^  are  on  camping,  cycling,  etc.,  and  although  they  may 
be  of  interest  to  the  Boy  scouts,  they  do  not  contribute  to  their 
movement  in  any  way  or  tell  an3^thing  about  their  organization. 
This  heading  should  be  reserved  for  the  book  about  the  Society, 
official  handbooks,  etc.  Nearly  all  the  books  on  outdoor  sports 
are  of  interest  to  the  Scouts  and  an  interesting  reading  list  could 
be  compiled  for  their  use,  but  the  subject  of  a  book  and  its  purpose 
are  often  very  different. 

In  order  to  have  the  catalog  supplement  the  school  work,  the 
cataloger  must  become  familiar  with  the  school  curriculum.  This 
she  may  do  by  making  a  study  of  the  school  program  or  by  learning 
of  the  school  needs  through  the  children's  librarian.  The  needs 
which  come  through  this  channel  should  be  anticipated  and  met 
even  before  the  actual  demand  must  be  answered,  as  there  is  lit- 
tle time  to  collect  material  after  a  whole  class  of  children  descend 
upon  the  assistant  for  some  minute  subject. 

1/    SOME  SUGGESTIONS  FOR  HANDLING  SUBJECTS 

In  considering  the  best  ways  of  making  the  catalog  answer 
the  demands  put  upon  it,  the  following  points  are  suggested  as 

2 


requiring  the  attention  of  every  cataloger  who  must  handle  books 
for  young  people:  (1)  the  use  of  simple  terms;  (2)  the  use  of  defi- 
nite and  specific  terms:  (3)  the  grouping  of  material  by  form  and 
special  use,  as  Myths,  Plays,  Dramatic  readers,  etc.;  (4)  the  mi- 
nute analysis  of  books. 

^  (1)  Use  of  simple  terms.  Having  decided  upon  the  subject 
of  a  book  the  next  step  is  to  choose  the  term  which  shall  best 
express  this  subject.  Simplicity  should  be  the  watchword  in  all 
catalogs  of  a  public  library,  therefore  it  should  not  be  found  very 
difficult  to  make  the  adult  and  juvenile  catalogs  uniform  in  this 
respect.  The  style  and  content  of  books  for  children  naturally 
lead  one  to  select  a  simple  word;  for  example,  a  book  on  candy 
making  for  children  does  not  discuss  the  other  forms  of  confec- 
tionery, so  one  is  not  tempted  to  use  that  heading  merely  because 
it  is  used  in  the  adult  catalog,  but  the  book  is  put  under  the  head- 
ing Candy  without  further  consideration.  A  book  on  flowers 
which  does  not  discuss  the  classification  of  plants  does  not  war- 
rant the  heading  Botany,  so  one  is  not  led  to  adopt  the  scientific 
term.  Textile  fabrics  in  the  adult  catalog  should  be  replaced  by 
Cloth  in  the  juvenile  catalog,  because  the  first  term  is  not  the  com- 
mon one. 

Care  should  be  exercised  in  our  endeavor  to  simplify  that  we 
do  not  make  the  mistake  of  "talking  down"  to  the  children.  It  is 
not  necessary,  for  example,  to  use  Bunnies  for  a  book  on  rabbits, 
or  Bugs  for  a  book  on  insects.  Standards  should  not  be  sacrificed 
for  simplicity. 

Many  headings  cannot  be  simplified;  for  example,  a  book  for 
children  on  Mines  and  mining  must  be  given  the  same  heading 
as  that  used  in  the  adult  catalog  for  a  book  on  the  same  subject, 
because  there  is  no  simpler  expression.  Taxidermy  may  be  a  dif- 
ficult term  for  a  child,  but  here  again  w^e  have  no  other  word  which 
expresses  the  same  thing;  Stufi^ed  animals.  Mounted  animals,  etc., 
are  terms  a  child  might  use,  but  they  are  phrases  which  should 
not  be  introduced  into  a  catalog.  The  child  old  enough  to  make 
use  of  this  heading  should  learn  the  correct  term. 

^(2)  Definite  and  specific  terms.  Definite  subjects  should 
not  be  covered  up  by  larger  and  more  inclusive  subjects;  while 
this  is  a  repetition  of  an  old  rule,  it  deserves  special  emphasis  when 
making  a  catalog  of  juvenile  books.  A  book  on  Parties  should  be 
entered  under  Parties  and  not  included  under  the  heading  Amuse- 
ments or  Entertainments.  The  child  cannot  classify  material  nor 
does  he  want  all  kinds  of  amusements  when  he  is  looking  for 


Parties.  "American  boys'  handybook"  and  other  books  of  like 
character  require  an  inclusive  headin^-,  but  the  inclusive  heading 
should  be  reserved  only  for  this  kind  of  material  and  not  used  to 
cover  any  one  branch  or  sul)division  of  a  subject. 

There  are  a  few  subjects  which  include  divisions  so  small  thai 
it  is  quite  improbable  that  they  will  be  discussed  separately.  For 
example,  S]nces  would  best  be  used  as  a  heading  for  books  treat- 
ii^of  the  various  spices,  as  one  would  seldom  or  never  have  ma- 
te^ril  on  cinnamon,  cloves,  etc.,  alone.  References  may  be  made  if 
necessary  from  the  various  spices  treated  in  the  books  entered 
luider  the  general  heading. 

^  (3)  Group  headings.  Any  group  headings  which  can  be 
assigned  by  the  cataloger  as  the  volumes  pass  through  her  hands 
are  warranted  because  again  the  children  have  not  the  knowledge 
to  classify  the  material  for  themselves,  and  the  teachers  and  as- 
sistants cannot  stop  at  a  busy  time  to  collect  books  which  are 
needed  by  a  number  of  children  at  one  time.  These  group  head- 
ings are  those  which  bring  together  the  collections  of  a  special 
form  of  literature,  such  as  Poetry,  Plays,  Legends,  etc.  Many 
headings  which  appear  as  subjects  in  the  adult  catalog  become 
form  or  group  headings  when  used  in  the  catalog  for  children. 
While  the  adult  reader  studies  Mythology  and  Folklore,  the  child 
reads  Myths  and  Fairy  tales. 

It  is  true  that  some  of  the  group  headings  in  a  measure  dupli- 
cate the  arrangement  of  the  books  on  the  shelves,  but  are  the  books 
always  on  the  shelves?  A  teacher  or  an  assistant  who  is  preparing 
a  special  reading  list  or  getting  together  material  for  a  special 
class  of  children  does  not  want  only  the  material  which  is  on  the 
shelves  today;  she  must  have  access  to  the  entire  resources  of  her 
collection  and  there  is  no  way  of  getting  this  except  through  the 
catalog.  The  shelf  list  may  answer  in  some  cases,  but  this  record 
does  not  list  all  of  the  material;  for  example,  when  a  book  con- 
sists of  a  series  of  chapters  devoted  to  miscellaneous  topics,  the 
class  number  can  only  call  attention  to  the  broad  subject  and  can 
give  no  indication  of  the  topics  covered  by  the  various  chapters. 

Aside  from  those  headings  which  group  books  to  show  their 
literary  form,  we  may  have  those  which  collect  books  for  a  definite 
purpose.  Such  group  headings  as  Civic  readers,  Dramatic  readers, 
etc.,  often  assist  the  teacher  and  may  be  introduced  for  her  use. 
She  comes  to  the  children's  room,  not  to  study  the  history  of 
education  or  school  management,  but  rather  to  collect  illustrative 
material  which  can  be  given  or  read  to  children  and  which  she  de- 

4 


sires  to  use  in  order  to  emphasize  some  point  in  an  educational 
scheme.  The  catalog  can  show  the  educational  value  of  the  ma- 
terial in  the  collection  by  bringing  together  the  readers  and  primers 
which  have. been  written  for  a  definite  purpose,  thus  giving  the 
teacher  and  the  assistants  a  cjuick  reference  to  material  needed 
for  supplementary  reading.  These  group  headings  should  be  chosen 
with  great  care  and  should  be  adopted  only  in  response  to  a  defi- 
nite demand.  Close  touch  with  the  teachers  and  assistants  is  nec- 
essary when  introducing  such  entries. 

Specific  events  are  better  entered  under  the  names  by  which 
they  are  commonly  known  than  as  subdivisions  of  a  larger  sub- 
ject. The  mature  mind  looks  upon  history,  for  example,  as  a  con- 
tinuous series  of  connected  events,  but  the  child  does  not  look  upon 
these  events  as  belonging  to  the  whole  scheme  of  history;  he  knows 
them  rather  as  distinct  incidents  and  independent  of  those  events 
which  come  before  and  those  which  follow.  The  Civil  war  is  not 
read  and  studied  as  a  connecting  link  in  the  history  of  the  United 
States,  but  as  one  definite  event.  The  cataloger  would  best  de- 
viate from  the  generally  accepted  plan  here  of  entering  under 
United  States — History — Civil  war,  and  use  the  heading  which  will 
most  often  occur  to  the  child,  v/hich  is  Civil  war.  This  is  better 
than  to  present  him  with  the  whole  scheme  of  United  States  his- 
tory and  let  him  grope  about  in  an  effort  to  find  the  one  period  he 
is  seeking. 

^  (4)  Analysis  of  books.  "The  analysis  of  books  of  composite 
authorship  or  treating  of  a  variety  of  topics  is  a  problem  demand- 
ing the  continual  exercise  of  discretion.  Whether  to  make  'ana- 
lytical' or  to  let  the  main  entry  stand  for  the  work  without  further 
note  must  be  determined  by  each  librarian  with  the  needs  of  his 
own  constituency  in  view.  A  special  library  may  need  to  make 
analytical  entries  that  amount  to  indexing  the  chapters  of  a  book." 
Bishop.    "Modern  library  cataloging." 

The. children's  room  may  be  considered  a  special  library  in  the 
sense  that  it  is  made  up  of  books  written  in  a  special  style  and  for 
a  special  class  of  readers.  A  juvenile  collection  is  usually  made 
up  of  comparatively  few  titles  and  it  is  therefore  necessary  to  make 
the  most  of  these  few  by  anah^zing  each  one.  As  has  already  been 
pointed  out,  these  books  are  of  a  composite  nature,  they  treat  of 
many  minute  subjects  all  of  which  may  have  some  bearing  on  a 
larger  subject,  but  which,  because  of  their  elementary  treatment 
stand  out  as  well  defined  units.  Such  books  cannot  be  covered  by 
one  or  two  general  headings;  each  chapter  must  be  analyzed  if 

S 


the  varied  information  is  to  be  made  available,  and  the  catalog 
nnist  become  in  a  measure  an  index  to  juvenile  material. 

If  broad  headings  only  were  used,  the  child  would  be  deprived 
of  access  to  much  of  the  material  he  wanted,  because  he  would 
not  know  the  name  of  the  large  division.  Few  boys,  for  example, 
would  know  that  an  account  of  the  Spinning  top  could  be  found  in 
a  work  classed  under  Mechanics,  and  Lang's  "Red  book  of  heroes" 
will  not  give  its  full  return  unless  we  call  attention  to  the  persons 
included,  under  their  own  names. 

The  library  assistant,  even  though  she  makes  a  most  careful 
study  of  the  books  in  her  collection,  cannot  always  recall  im- 
mediately the  needed  chapter.  She  cannot  know  just  which  geo- 
graphical reader  will  give  her  information  about  the  Eskimo,  or 
what  nature  book  has  a  chapter  on  Fireflies,  and  subjects  are 
often  wanted  not  to  supply  the  needs  of  one  reader,  but  rather 
to  meet  the  demands  of  a  whole  class.  These  requests  come  from 
a  class  of  readers  who  must  have  personal  help,  the  assistant  must 
preserve  order  while  giving  information  and  for  this  reason,  if  for 
no  other,  there  should  be  as  many  short  cuts  as  possible  to  which 
she  may  turn  for  help. 

The  extent  to  which  this  analysis  should  be  carried  is  a  ques- 
tion which  each  library  must  decide.  There  is  certainly  danger 
in  carrying  it  to  an  extreme,  and  it  is  always  unwise  to  duplicate 
work  already  done;  for  example,  one  would  not  be  warranted  in 
repeating  the  information  given  in  Granger's  "Index  to  poetry," 
or  in  again  listing  the  Fairy  tales  indexed  by  the  Boston  Public 
Library. 

The  first  cost  of  doing  extensive  analytical  work  seems  large, 
but  when  we  consider  that  it  is  done  but  once  and  that  this  informa- 
tion is  put  into  a  permanent  record  where  it  may  be  consulted  with- 
out further  effort,  the  question  of  expense  becomes  somewhat  min- 
imized. The  most  economical  way  to  do  analytical  cataloging 
is  to  make  one  card  and  duplicate  it  as  many  times  as  is  nejpessary 
to  furnish  a  card  for  each  heading  needed.  It  is  certainly  too 
expensive  to  analyze  a  collection  of  any  great  size  in  any  other 
way  and  some  simple  devices  for  duplication  are  usually  avail- 
able to  even  the  small  library.  The  least  expensive  method  is 
probably  the  use  of  the  hectograph ;  by  this  process  cards  are  writ- 
ten with  hectograph  ink  and  multiplied  on  the  gelatin  pad.  Those 
libraries  using  the  multigraph  or  other  means  of  printing  would 
of  course  be  able  to  do  the  work  with  little  expense.* 


*See  chapter  on  "Copying"  in  Bishop.   "Modern    library    cataloging,"   p. 
105-108. 

6 


The  following  illustrations  will  serve  to  show  how  the  ana- 
lytical entries  may  be  indicated  on  the  unit  card: 

Mines  and  mining.   See  p. 139-155  of 

Price,  Overton  Westfeldt.  j  351.711  P94 

The  land  we  live  in;  the  bo^'s'  book  of  conservation,  with  a  fore- 
word by  Giflford  Pinchot.     1911.     Small. 

About  the  use  and  the  waste  of  America's  forests,  lands,  waters  and  minerals, 
telling  what  conservation  is  and  why  it  is  necessary.  Many  beautiful  illustrations  from 
photographs. 

Nightingale,  Florence 

Lang,  Mrs  Leonora  Blanche.  j920  L23 

Red  book  of  heroes;  ed.  by  Andrew  Lang.     1909.     Longmans. 

Contents:  The  lady-in-chief  [Florence  Nightingale], — Prisoners  and  captives  [John 
Howard] . — Hannibal. — The  apostle  of  the  lepers  [Father  Damienl. — The  constant  prince 
[Ferdinand  of  Portugal]. — The  marquis  of  Montrose. — A  child's  hero  [Henry  Havelock]. 
— Conscience  or  king?  [Sir  Thomas  More]. — The  little  abbess  [Angelique  Arnauld]. — 
Gordon. — The  crime  of  Theodosius. — Palissy  the  potter. 

COOPERATION  IN  WORK 

Cooperation  between  the  Catalog  department  and  all  other 
departments  of  the  library  is  essential  if  the  catalog  is  to  reflect 
the  combined  knowledge  of  the  staff  and  meet  the  needs  of  all 
who  use  it. 

Catalogers  are  sometimes  too  much  disposed  to  dwell  upon 
technique  and  to  show  too  little  willingness  to  understand  and  use 
the  information  possessed  by  their  co-workers.  One  should  never 
be  so  enveloped  in  detail  and  system  as  to  be  unable  to  take  a  broad 
view  of  her  held,  nor  should  technique  be  allowed  to  thwart  us  in 
the  making  of  a  plastic  and  growing  catalog.  Much  time  and  at- 
tention may  well  be  given  to  the  subject  side  of  the  work,  for  it  is 
this  side  of  the  catalog  which  best  represents  the  resources  of  the 
collection  we  are  cataloging,  and  it  is  to  this  subject  side  that  the 
inquirer  most  often  turns.  Authors,  titles,  editors  and  translators 
must  all  be  represented,  but  these  entries  answer  the  question  al- 
ready in  the  mind  of  the  reader  when  he  enters  the  library.  The 
subjects  lead  him  into  unknown  fields  and  disclose  new  avenues  of 
interest. 

No  cataloger  should  be  so  addicted  to  routine  and  rule  that 
she  cannot  listen  to  and  accept  recommendations  for  the  improve- 
ment and  usefulness  of  the  catalog.  She  should  not  refuse  to  add 
subjects  and  references  required  by  some  unusual  demand;  on  the 
other  hand,  the  department  making  these  requests  should  not 
dictate  just  what  form  these  subjects  and  references  should  take. 
Let  each  do  her  part  and  the  part  in  which  she  has  specialized. 


Children's  librarians  are  not  always  qualified  to  be  good  cata- 
log'ers,  nor  are  catalogers  always  able  to  take  the  place  of 
children's  librarians,  but  by  a  free  exchange  of  ideas  and  an  under- 
standing of  the  needs  of  each  branch  of  the  work  the  desired 
results  may  be  obtained. 

"Rapidity  and  ease  of  consultation  will  be  secured  only  by 
most  careful  planning.  There  are  certain  decisions  which  must 
be  made  by  every  librarian  beginning  or  revising  a  catalog  of  sub- 
jects. Once  taken,  these  decisions  must  be  adhered  to,  while  a 
change  once  decided  on  must  be  carried  out  root  and  branch.  .  . 
Careful  planning,  then,  is  half  the  battle.  It  matters  little,  from 
one  point  of  view,  what  the  decision  is.  The  important  thing  is 
to  have  a  conscious  policy  and  stick  to  it."  Bishop.  "Modern 
library  cataloging." 

SUBJECTS 

The  need  has  been  felt  for  some  standard  on  which  to  base 
the  selection  of  subjects  so  that  every  librarian  may  have  some 
definite  formula  on  which  future  work  may  be  based. 

In  an  attempt  to  define  terms,  show  the  scope  of  various  head- 
ings and  emphasize  their  use  in  library  practice,  I  have  chosen 
only  those  subjects  which  may  have  several  meanings  and  those 
which  recjuire  some  explanation  in  order  to  show  definitely  just 
what  kind  of  material  they  are  intended  to  include.  Only  a  very 
small  proportion  of  the  headings  in  the  appended  List  are  defined  or 
even  mentioned,  but  the  principles  of  selection  brought  out  by  the 
discussion  of  certain  groups  or  classes  may  be  applied  to  other 
subjects  of  the  same  type. 

Reference  must  be  made  constantly  to  decisions  once  adopted 
in  order  to  insure  uniformity  in  results.  A  heading  should  not  be 
chosen  because  it  is  in  the  List,  but  because  it  is  the  term  decided 
upon  as  the  best  one  to  include  certain  types  of  books.  Unless 
there  is  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  terms  we  cannot  feel 
sure  that  like  books  will  fall  together  or  that  individual  books  will 
be  properly  listed. 

STORIES 

The  stor}^  is  taken  first  because  so  large  a  proportion  of  the 
books  for  children  are  written  in  story  form,  either  originally  or  as 
adaptations.  These  are  considered  in  tw^o  main  groups:  (1)  the 
traditional  stories  and  (2)  those  having  subject  value. 


TRADITIONAL  STORIES 

"Traditional  stories  may  be  roughly  classified  as  Myths, 
Legends  (including-  Hero-tales  and  Sagas)  and  Marchen  or  Folk- 
tales, with  which  last  may  be  reckoned  the  minor  varieties  of 
Beast-tales,  Drolls,  Cumulative  tales  and  Apologues."  Burne. 
"Handbook  of  folklore." 

The  following  choice  of  headings  has  been  made  for  grouping 
the  traditional  stories :  Myths,  Legends,  Sagas,  Fairy  tales, 
Fables. 

Myths.  "Myths  .  .  .  are  stories  of  anonymous  origin, 
prevalent  among  primitive  peoples,  and  by  them  accepted  as  true, 
concerning  supernatural  beings  and  events,  or  natural  beings  and 
events  influenced  by  supernatural  agencies.  .  .  .  They  are  born 
in  the  infancy  of  a  people.  They  owe  their  features  not  to 
any  one  historic  individual,  but  to  the  imaginative  efforts  of  genera- 
tions of  story  tellers."    Gayley.    "Classic  myths." 

"In  early  ages  man  recognized  forces  external  to  himself 
which  largely  determined  the  conditions  of  his  life.  These  forces 
of  nature,  such  as  light  and  darkness,  fire,  and  summer  and  winter, 
he  personified  and  made  the  subject  of  stories.  In  the  same  way 
he  theorized  about  the  origin  and  control  of  the  universe,  attrib- 
uting the  governing  power  to  one  God  or  many  gods,  and  invent- 
ing stories  about  the  relation  of  these  divinities  to  each  .other  and 
to  man."  Newark  Public  Library.  "Course  of  study  for  normal 
school  pupils  on  literature  for  children." 

The  general  heading  Myths  is  used  for  collections  of  pure 
myths  which  are  not  confined  to  any  special  country  or  people, 
such  as  Shahan's  "Myths  and  legends"  and  Clarke's  "Child's 
guide  to  mythology."  If  the  stories  are  those  which  treat  of  the 
divinities  once  worshipped  by  the  Greeks,  the  Romans  or  the 
Norse  people,  or  the  stories  which  have  grown  out  of  these,  they 
may  be  distinguished  from  the  general  class  of  Myths  by  adding 
the  subdivisions  G^'eek  and  Roman  or  Norse  to  the  heading 
Myths.  Baldwin's  "Story  of  the  golden  age,"  Hawthorne's  "Tan- 
glewood  tales"  and  like  books  would  then  take  the  heading:  Myths 
— Greek  and  Roman. 

As  many  books  include  both  Greek  and  Roman  myths  it  is 
best  to  use  the  combination  heading  Greek  and  Roman  and  place 
here  both  the  books  which  treat  the  two  together  and  those  taking 
up  either  alone. 

Mythological  events,  as  the  Trojan  war,  should  be  entered 
under  the  specific  heading,  not  included  under  Myths.     Brooks' 

9 


"Story  of  the  Iliad"  and  Clarke's  "Story  of  Troy"  may  both  be 
entered  under  Trojan  war,  and  many  chapters  in  the  books  found 
under  Myths  may  be  brought  out  under  more  definite  headings. 

"A  myth  is  a  purely  imaginative  explanation  of  phenomena; 
a  legend  rests  on  facts,  but  the  facts  are  distorted."  Toy.  "Intro- 
duction to  the  history  of  religions." 

Legends.  "Legends  are  narratives  told,  not  to  explain  any- 
thing, but  simply  as  an  account  of  things  which  are  believed  to 
have  happened,  such  as  a  deluge,  a  migration,  a  conquest,  the  build- 
ing of  a  bridge,  or  of  a  city.  The}-  are  often  told  about  events  or 
persons,  who  are  in  fact  historical  though  the  legend  itself  may  be 
inaccurate  or  even  baseless,  and  may  be  told  of  other  persons  or 
places  in  countries  far  away."     Burne.    "Folklore  handbook." 

"Legends  are  mixtures  of  popular  tales  and  literary  inven- 
tion cast  in  narrative  form  and  told  as  records  of  facts. '  They 
usually  deal  with  some  character  of  heroic  type,  such  as  The  Cid, 
and  Siegfried;  some  storied  locality,  as  the  legend  of  the  Sleepy 
Hollow;  or  some  event  or  period  in  the  mist-shrouded  early  his- 
tr}^  of  nations,  as  in  William  Tell,  and  Horatius  at  the  bridge." 
Newark  Public  Library.  "Course  of  study  for  normal  school  pupils 
on  literature  for  children." 

Legends  is  a  group  heading  and  is  used  for  collections  of 
legends,  even  though  these  collections  do  include  those  tales  which 
belong  to  the  King  Arthur  and  the  Charlemagne  cycles.  While 
the  stories  of  these  two  cycles  more  correctly  belong  to  the 
romance  group,  it  does  not  seem  best  to  use  both  the  heading 
Legends,  and  Romances.  Legends  is  the  term  more  familiar  to 
children  and  is  a  broader  heading  which  can  be  made  to  include 
both  character  and  place  legends;  it  has  therefore  been  adopted 
to  cover  both  the  Legendary  stories  and  Romances. 

"A  romance  may  be  described  as  a  tale  written  at  any  period 
between  the  eleventh  and  fourteenth  centuries,  which  deals  with 
the  age  of  chivalr5^"    vSpence.    "Dictionary  of  medieval  romance." 

Stories  which  tell  of  the  exploits  of  a  single  hero  should  be 
entered  under  the  name  of  that  hero,  as  King  Arthur,  Char- 
lemagne, The  Cid,  etc. 

Those  centering  around  a  historical  personage  like  Char- 
lemagne should  be  distinguished  from  the  pure  history  of  the  real 
character.  Stories  of  the  Charlemagne  cycle  having  for  their  sub- 
ject matter  the  adventures  and  pseudo-history  of  Charlemagne 
and  his  twelve  peers  should  be  differentiated  from  the  accounts 
of  Charlemagne  as  ruler.  The  biographical  material  should  be 
entered   directly  under  his  name,   while   Charlemagne   romances 

10 


may  be  used  for  the  legendary  accounts  of  the  hero.  Church,  in 
his  "Stories  of  Charlemagne  and  the  twelve  peers  of  France," 
gives  us  the  legendary  Charlemagne,  while  Hodges  in  ''Saints  and 
heroes  to  the  end  of  the  middle  ages,"  gives  an  account  of  the  Em- 
peror Charlemagne. 

The  books  entered  under  the  group  heading  Legends  may  be 
analyzed,  in  which  case  the  single  legends  are  brought  out  under 
name;  usually  the  name  is  taken  from  the  name  of  the  hero,  as 
Havelock  the  Dane,  Roland,  Wayland  the  Smith,  etc.  Whenever 
a  legend  is  entered  under  its  name,  that  name  must  be  added  to 
the  Legends  "see  also"  card. 

If  the  books  are  not  analyzed,  references  may  be  made  from 
the  name  of  single  legends  to  the  group  heading  Legends.  In  this 
case  the  contents  should  be  added  to  the  cards  to  show  just  what 
stories  are  included  in  the  various  collections.  These  references 
can  only  be  made  after  one  is  sure  that  the  legend  from  which  ref- 
erence is  made  is  in  some  one  of  the  books  entered  under  Legends. 
The  references  would  read  as  follows:  Havelock  the  Dane  see 
Legends;  Roland  see  Legends,  etc. 

In  The  Cid  we  find  a  national  hero  of  both  history  and 
romance,  and  this  epic  may  be  indicated  as  a  good  example  of  how 
a  historical  figure  may  become  semi-mythical.  Fact  and  myth  are 
so  blended  that,  as  the  story  is  told  for  children,  it  seems  quite 
impossible  to  separate  the  material  and  so  we  place  it  all  under 
the  name  of  the  hero.  Since  we  are  able  to  gather  from  The  Cid 
something  of  real  history,  it  is  suggested  that  we  call  attention 
to  the  historical  value  of  the  story  by  making  a  reference  to  it 
from  Spanish  history. 

"Legends  which  relate  the  exploits  of  a  traditional  hero, 
taking  his  existence  for  granted  and  not  introducing  him  to 
account  for  the  existence  of  something  else,  may  be  distinguished 
as  Hero-tales;  and  when  a  series  of  legends  follows  in  detail  the 
lives  and  adventures  of  characters  who  are  probably  historical,  it 
forms  a  Saga."    Burne.    "Handbook  of  folklore." 

Sagas.  The  term  Saga  is  limited  to  collections  of  the  Scan- 
dinavian hero-tales,  such  as  Anderson's  "Viking  tales  of  the 
North."  It  may  be  used  to  include  all  Saga  material ;  or  the 
cycles  centering  around  one  hero  may  be  entered  under  the  name 
of  the  hero,  as  Frithjof,  and  Grettir  the  Strong. 

Fairy  tales.  Fairy  tales  has  been  chosen  to  include  the  folk 
tales  and  also  the  tales  telling  of  fairies  and  other  supernatural 
beings,  which  have  no  folklore  setting  or  background.    The  Lang 

11 


fairy  books  belong  to  the  first  class  and  the  (jeorge  MacDonald 
books  to  the  second. 

"It  is  now  impossible  to  limit  this  term  to  those  stories  that 
deal  with  the  activities  of  an  order  of  invented  preter-human  be- 
ings called  fairies;  or  even  to  those  that  contain  preternatural  or 
stipernatural  elements.  With  the  old  fairy-tales  in  this  narrow 
sense,  have  been  incorporated  folk-tales  dealing  with  matter  which 
involves  only  natural  and  human  material,  beast-tales  and  bits 
of  comic  adventure,  for  example.  It  is  possible  to  treat  them, 
however,  in  one  category,  because  of  the  fact  that  in  all  those 
that  are  worth  using  for  the  children  in  class,  whether  there  be 
fairies  involved  or  not,  the  imaginative  process  is  of  the  same 
kind,  the  vision  of  the  world,  its  activities  and  its  possibilities, 
is  on  the  same  level  of  imaginative  combination  and  artistic 
interpretation;  and  this  is  the  level  of  the  children  for  whom  we 
are  choosing."  MacClintock.  "Literature  in  the  elementary 
school." 

Folklore  is  not  included  as  a  main  heading,  because  (1)  it 
is  a  term  less  well  known  to  children  and  (2)  if  used,  it  would  not 
be  possible  to  group  all  the  fairy  tales  under  the  one  heading. 
Those  who  wish  to  show  the  distinction  between  the  fairy  tales 
which  are  real  folklore  and  other  fairy  stories,  may  do  so  by  add- 
ing this  word  as  a  part  of  the  heading  under  Fairy  tales,  thus: 
Fairy  tales  {Folklore)  and  reserving  the  heading  Fairy  tales  alone 
for  those  stories  which  have  no  folklore  background. 

In  addition  to  the  story  use,  these  folk  tales  may  be  found 
of  value  to  teachers  in  school  work  if  entered  under  the  country 
to  which  they  belong.  They  contribute  to  the  knowledge  of  the 
people  and  furnish  another  means  for  studying  the  different 
phases  of  the  people  of  a  given  locality.  In  addition  to  the  Fairy 
tale  heading  the  countr}'-  is  used  with  the  subdivision  Folklore. 
Inasmtich  as  the  material  is  not  used  for  the  study  of  comparative 
folklore,  the  cotintry  heading  is  chosen  rather  than  the  stibject. 
This  brings  together  all  the  material  relating  to  a  country  includ- 
ing the  folklore,  which  may  often  be  useful  as  supplementary  ma- 
terial. Jacobs'  "Celtic  fairy  tales,"  and  Steel's  "Tales  of  the 
Punjab"  are  types  of  books  which  may  be  treated  from  the  coun- 
try side  as  well  as  from  the  story  side,  by  entering  under  Ireland — 
Folklore^,  and  India — Folklore. 

The  American  folklore  tales  are  entered  under  Indians  of 
America — Folklore^  for  in  this  case  to  use  Folklore  under  the 
name  of  the  country  does  not  convey  the  correct  meaning.  North 
America — Folklore    or  United  States — Folklore,    would  not  limit 

12 


the  folklore  to  the  Indian,  and  here  again  it  is  more  useful  to  keep 
all  the  material  about  the  North  American  Indians  together. 
The  heading-  is  used  to  include  Myths,  Legends  and  Folk 
tales.  Pratt's  "Legends  of  the  red  children"  and  Zitkala-Sa's  '^Old 
Indian  legends"  would  be  entered  under  this  heading  and  need  not 
be  repeated  under  the  heading  Legends. 

The  "Finding  list  of  fairy  tales  and  folk  stories"  issued  by 
the  Boston  Public  Library  and  the  "Index  to  fairy  tales,"  by  Miss 
Mary  Huse  Eastman,  published  by  the  Boston  Book  Company, 
1915,  will  be  valuable  aids  supplementing  the  catalog  under  this 
subject. 

Fairies  need  not  be  used  as  a  heading,  but  a  reference  should 
be  made  from  it  to  Fairy  tales. 

Fables.  "It  seems  to  be,  in  its  genuine  state,  a  narrative  in 
which  beings  irrational,  are,  for  the  purpose  of  moral  instruction, 
feigned  to  act  and  speak  w4th  human  interests  and  passions." 
Dr.  Johnson. 

"Fables — all  those  oriental  and  classic  ones  that  are  called 
Aesop's,  as  well  as  man)'-  of  La  Fontaine's — are,  from  the  literary 
point  of  view  the  best  of  the  animal  stories."  MacClintock. 
"Literature  in  the  elementary  school." 

While  this  form  of  story  is  usually  devoted  to  animals,  these 
books  must  not  be  considered  as  having  any  aim  in  teaching  the 
facts  as  to  the  structure  and  habits  of  the  creatures  as  life-forms. 
They  interpret  human  life  through  them  or  by  them  by  means  of 
human  terms.  Reference  can  well  be  made  to  the  heading  Fables 
from  Animals — Stories^    Legends,  Literature  and  Fairy  tales. 

STORIES  WITH  SUBJECT  VALUE 

.A  subject  should  be  divided  in  the  catalog  into  as  many  groups 
as  is  necessary  to  show  the  form  of  the  material  listed  under  it. 
Take  for  example  the  subject  Flowers ;  we  list  first  the  books  which 
give  accurate  facts  about  flowers,  next  we  list  the  poetry  of  flowers 
and  after  that  come  the  stories.  It  is  essential  to  distinguish  the 
books  which  are  classed  as  fiction  from  those  which  are  scientific, 
and  the  subdivision  Stories  is  used  to  bring  out  this  distinction. 
Some  of  the  subject  material  is  so  skillfully  woven  into  story  form 
that  one  is  often  puzzled  to  know  whether  the  book  should  be 
classed  as  fact  or  as  fiction. 

When  a  work  will  stand  the  test  of  accuracy  and  the  facts 
are  so  set  apart  from  the  story  as  to  make  them  easily  accessible, 
it  may  be  treated  as  non-fiction.    Such  a  book  is  Kellogg's  "Insect 

13 


stories."  Here  the  author  has  combined  science  and  the  story- 
teller's art,  but  while  he  has  called  into  play  a  certain  amount  of 
invention,  this  does  not  distort  the  facts  he  endeavors  to  develop 
through  his  story.  The  reader's  credulity  is  not  overtaxed  in  the 
writer's  attempt  to  interest. 

Stories  which  class  as  tiction  and  have  a  definite  aim  or  are 
grouped  around  a  definite  person,  event  or  thing,  or  are  told  for 
the  purpose  of  imparting  facts  of  science  or  industry,  should  be 
entered  in  the  catalog  under  the  subjects  to  which  they  either 
directly  contribute  or  on  which  they  may  have  a  bearing.  The 
object  of  bringing  works  of  fiction  out  under  subject  headings  is 
to  group  them  under  subjects  about  which  children  like  to  read, 
to  make  them  more  readily  accessible  for  use  as  supplementary 
reading,  and  to  supply  material  which  shall  arouse  interest  in  the 
subjects  upon  v\^hich  they  have  a  direct  bearing. 

The  demand  for  supplementary  reading  along  all  lines  of 
school  work  can  be  met  in  no  better  or  more  satisfactory  way 
than  through  the  analysis  of  these  stories.  The  ''journey  method" 
in  geography,  and  the  ''topic  method"  in  science  as  used  in  the 
class  room,  create  a  need  for  material  which  is  often  available 
only  in  story  form.  Probably  no  better  or  more  entertaining 
description  of  Switzerland  can  be  found  for  children  than  that 
given  in  the  story  of  "Heidi,"  and  the  teacher  who  wishes  to 
arouse  interest  in  forestry  will  find  Rolt-Wheeler's  "The  boy  with 
the  U.  S.  foresters"  of  value  as  giving  a  popular  and  inter- 
esting account  of  the  subject,  in  story  form.  The  child  whose 
attention  is  called  to  Bassett's  "Story  of  wool"  will  find  interest- 
ing facts  about  the  wool  industry. 

Children  may  become  interested  in  history  by  reading  Howard 
Pyle's  "Otto  of  the  silver  hand"  when  a  less  entertaining  book  on 
the  middle  ages  w^ould  make  no  appeal.  The  same  is  true  of 
biography.  Andrews'  "Perfect  tribute"  is  one  of  the  best  accounts 
of  Lincoln  a  child  can  read.  It  gives  an  insight  into  the  character 
of  the  man  which  a  child  could  never  get  from  a  biography. 

The  stories  which  tell  of  the  customs  of  a  people  should  be 
entered  under  the  place.  "The  Japanese  twins,"  by  Perkins,  gives 
an  interesting  account  of  a  certain  phase  of  life  in  Japan  which 
would  be  lost  to  those  seeking  information  on  Japan  if  the  book 
were  not  entered  under  Japan — Stories. 

Stories  emphasizing  ethical  themes  are  useful  if  grouped  un- 
der these  ethical  headings  and  thus  made  available  for  teachers  and 
parents  who  wish  to  teach  ethics  through  stories.  These  headings 
must  be  carefully  chosen  and  assigned  only  to  those  stories  which 

14 


are  dignified  and  free  from  sentimentality.  F.  J.  (ioiild's  two 
l)()oks  called  "Children's  Plutarch"  may  be  entered  under  the  head- 
ing Ethical  stories  as  well  as  under  Biography,  and  Greece,  Ancient. 

The  heading  Ethical  stories  is  used  for  collections  only;  the 
stories  devoted  to  a  single  ethical  topic  should  be  entered  under 
that  topic,  as  Industry,  Kindness,  Cheerfulness,  etc.  The  adjec- 
tive form  of  entry  has  been  chosen  for  some  types  of  stories,  as 
Ethical  stories.  School  stories,  Sea  stories,  etc.  In  these  cases  the 
subject  is  better  expressed  by  a  phrase. 

A  valuable  subject  index  to  juvenile  stories  has  been  com- 
piled by  Grace  E.  Salisbury  and  Marie  E.  Beckwith  and  has  title: 
"Index  to  short  stories;  an  aid  to  the  teacher  of  children."  This 
v^^as  published  by  Row,  Peterson  &  Co.,  Chicago  in  1907  and  will 
be  found  very  helpful  in  getting  together  material  on  a  specitic 
subject.     It  is  especially  full  in  its  ethical  headings. 

POETRY-HOLIDAYS 

Poetry.  This  general  heading  should  be  used  for  books  or 
chapters  about  poetry  only.  Few  children's  books  contain  infor- 
mation of  this  kind  so  the  heading  will  seldom  find  a  place  in  the 
juvenile   catalog. 

Poetry — Collections,  This  heading  is  used  for  compilations 
or  collection  of  poems  by  different  authors.  No  distinction  is 
made  as  to  language.  The  analytical  entry  of  poems  contained 
in  the  books  which  fall  under  this  general  heading  rests  with 
the  individual  library,  but  very  often  a  title  or  subject  entry  for  the 
poems  continually  in  demand  is  justifiable.  Granger's  "Index  to 
poetry"  is  a  useful  key  to  the  poems  contained  in  many  of  these 
collections. 

Poems  by  one  author.  A  single  poem,  or  a  collection  of 
poems  by  one  author,  need  not  be  given  a  group  entry  in  the 
catalog.  Author  and  title  entry  for  these  will  probably  answer 
all  reasonable  demands.  If  it  seems  desirable  to  have  a  reference 
to  a  complete  file  of  such  books,  reference  may  be  made  to  the 
shelf  list,  where  they  are  grouped  together. 

Poetry  on  a  definite  subject.  Poetry  is  used  as  a  form  sub- 
division under  subject  for  poems  which  are  grouped  according  to 
subject,  as  Flowers — Poetry^  Birds — Poetry^  Christmas — Poetry^ 
etc.  These  groups  are  often  to  be  found  in  collections  of  poetry 
or  in  books  which  collect  the  various  forms  of  literature  devoted 
to  one  subject,  as  do  some  of  the  books  "on  Christmas.  This  form 
subdivision  should  not  be  used  to  any  extent  for  individual  poems, 

IS 


for  such  minute  analytical  work,  while  useful,  can  hardly  be  -said' 
to  come  within  the  scope  of  a  catalog. 

Readers  and  speakers.  A  heading  used  for  books  made  up  of 
collections  of  poetry  and  prose.  The  term  Readers  as  used  here 
does  not  include  Primers.  These  are  entered  under  Primers,  but 
series  of  more  advanced  school  readers  may  be  listed  under  this 
heading-,  especially  those  adapted  to  grades  above  the  third.  Col- 
lections of  recitations  for  special  days  are  entered  under  the  name 
of  the  day,  as  Thanksgiving  day,  New  Year's  day,  etc. 

Holidays.  This  heading  is  used  as  a  group  heading  for  the 
books  covering  many  holidays  and  for  customs  observed  in  dif- 
ferent countries  when  celebrating  holidays  and  feast  days.  Exer- 
cises devoted  to  birthday  celebrations,  etc.,  are  entered  under  the 
name  of  the  day  v/hen  it  is  a  national  holiday,  as  Washington's 
birthday,  Lincoln's  birthday:  but  other  material  is  entered  under 
the  person,  with  subdivision  Birthday  exercises^  as  Longfellow, 
Henry  Wads  worth — Birthday  exercises. 

Christmas.  There  is  so  much  demand  for  literature  on  this 
subject  that  it  has  been  given  several  subdivisions.  Other  subdi- 
visions may  be  added  when  desirable. 

Ballads.  A  ballad  is  a  traditional  and  popular  narrative  poem, 
usually  of  unknown  origin.  Enter  ballads  of  all  peoples  under  this 
heading,  making  no  language  distinction.  Reference  may  be  made 
from  English  ballads,  Irish  ballads,  etc.,  if  it  seems  necessary. 
Groups  of  ballads  are  often  contained  in  the  books  cataloged  under 
Poetry — Collections^  and  these  may  be  analyzed  and  brought  under 
the  specific  heading  if  desired.  Scudder's  "Children's  book"  is  one 
which  may  be  so  analyzed. 

Folk  songs.  When  Ballads  are  accompanied  by  music  the 
heading  Folk  songs  should  be  used,  but  do  not  include  here  the 
poems  or  songs  when  not  accompanied  by  music.  This  heading  is 
included  because  of  the  frequent  requests  from  kindergarten  and 
playground  workers  for  these  special  songs. 

Songs.  To  be  used  for  all  collections  of  songs  with  music, 
except  Folk  songs.  Songs  without  music  should  be  considered  as 
poems. 

Nursery  rhymes.  Used  to  include  the  Mother  Goose  melodies 
and   other   nursery   rhymes    and   jingles,   as   Christina    Rossetti's 


"Sing-song." 


AMUSEMENTS 


Amusements.     A  very  broad  heading  used  to  include  those 
general  books  which  contain  games,  sports,  occupations,  recrea- 

16 


tions  and  other  pastimes  under  one  cover.  It  is  often  difficult  to 
choose  between  this  heading  and  Occupations  for  children,  and  it 
may  be  necessary  to  duplicate  the  entry  under  both  headings  in 
some  cases.  Few  if  any  analytical  entries  will  appear  under  Amuse- 
ments; it  should  be  kept  as  an  inclusive  heading  only,  but  ref- 
erences must  be  freely  made  from  it  to  all  the  specific  headings 
which  are  related.  These  references  should  include  all  subjects 
■which  amuse  or  entertain,  such  as  Plays,  Camping,  Moving  pic- 
tures, etc. 

Books  of  amusement  are  of  two  kinds,  those  written  to  in- 
struct through  play  and  those  having  no  instructional  purpose. 
The  instructional  value  of  the  former  group  may  be  emphasized 
by  bringing  them  out  under  either  of  the  two  headings:  Occupa- 
tions for  children  or  Scientific  recreations.  These  are  not  head- 
ings which  children  will  use,  but  are  introduced  to  group  material 
for  assistants,  teachers  and  parents. 

Occupations  for  children.  Under  this  heading  are  grouped  the 
miscellaneous  handbooks  for  boys  and  girls.  These  usually  take  up 
various  pastimes,  some  handwork  and  games  and  sports.  The 
"American  boys'  handybook"  and  Bowker's  "Busy  hands"  fall  into 
this  class. 

Scientific  recreations.  This  heading  is  reserved  for  those  books 
which  introduce  scientific  experiments  and  give  some  knowledge  of 
chemistry,  physics  and  the  other  natural  sciences.  They  ar?  usually 
too  unmethodical  in  arrangement  to  be  given  a  scientific  heading, 
but  contain  facts  enough  to  give  them  value  from  a  popular  sci- 
entific standpoint.  Hopkins'  "Experimental  science"  takes  this 
heading. 

The  chapters  devoted  to  a  definite  occupation,  as  Paper  work, 
Beadwork,  etc.,  should  be  entered  under  these  specific  headings. 
As  books  of  this  nature  often  include  various  kinds  of  handwork 
they  may  be  referred  to  from  several  broad  headings ;  for  example, 
refer  to  Beadwork  from  Sewing,  Handicraft  and  Occupations  for 
children. 

Sports.  Used  to  include  all  outdoor  games  and  recreations 
grouped  in  one  book,  as  Camp's  "Book  of  college  sports." 

Athletics.  Confined  to  the  track  and  team  games,  as  Lee's 
"Track  athletics  in  detail." 

Physical  education.  To  cover  books  on  exercise  which  em- 
phasize the  physical  development  of  the  body  and  so  usually  have 
a  teaching;  purpose,  as  Blaikie's  "How  to  get  strong." 

Games.  Used  for  indoor  games  grouped  in  one  book  or  for 
books  including  both  indoor  and  outdoor  games.  Individual  games 

17 


are  entered  under  the  sei)arate  headings  as,  13ominoes,  Checkers, 
Golf,  Baseball,  Football,  etc. 

Plays.  A  group  heading  used  to  cover  single  plays,  collec- 
tions of  plays  and  amateur  theatricals.  Dramatic  readers  may  be 
included  here  if  one  wishes  to  eliminate  that  term  as  a  main  head- 
ing. 

Drama.  Included  only  to  cover  the  books  or  chapters  about 
the  drama.  It  is  used  as  a  subject  and  not  a  form  heading  and 
will  be  needed  but  seldom. 

SCIENCE 

Most  of  the  headings  given  to  the  scientific  books  for  children 
are  so  definite  that  their  selection  offers  few  problems.  It  is  only 
when  several  sul)jects  are  combined  in  one  book  that  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  select  a  broad  heading  which  will  cover  the  whole. 

Science  in  its  broad  sense  is  used  to  include  the  books  which 
cover  both  the  natural  and  applied  sciences.  They  are  usually 
very  miscellaneous  in  character,  and  include  such  titles  as  Buck- 
lev's  ''Fairy  land  of  science"  and  Flooker's  "Child's  book  of  na- 
ture." 

Natural  history.  Natural  history  is  limited  to  books  which 
include  both  animals  and  plants,  as  Gibson's  ''Blossom  hosts"  and 
"Eye  spy." 

Botany,  Zoology.  The  broad  science  headings  such  as  Bot- 
any and  Zoology  will  need  to  be  used  but  rarely  and  only  for  those 
books  which  discuss  the  classification  of  plants  or  animals.  They 
are  technical  rather  than  popular.  Mathews'  "Field  book  of  Amer- 
ican wild  fiowers"  takes  the  heading  Botany,  and  Zoology  is  given 
to  Wood's  "Our  living  world." 

Plants,  Animals.  These  headings  are  used  for  the  less  sci- 
entific books.  They  are  descriptive  rather  than  technical  and  in- 
clude such  titles  as  Dana's  "Plants  and  their  children"  and 
Wright's  "Stories  of  birds  and  beasts." 

Flowers.  Used  for  the  books  consisting  of  chapters  on  defi- 
nite flowers,  as  Morley's  "Flowers  and  their  friends."  Names  of 
flowers  are  used  as  subject  headings  when  analyzing  these  books 
or  for  books  which  treat  of  one  variety,  as  Roses. 

Nature.  Nature  is  an  indefinite  term  and  therefore  should 
seldom  be  used  as  a  main  subject  heading.  The  word  does  not 
express  a  stibject,  but  is  rather  a  term  used  to  suggest  ideals  of 
outdoor  life.  It  is  the  term  linked  with  Poetry  to  cover  the  col- 
lections of  poems  on  Birds,  Flowers,  Trees,  etc.,  as  does  Lovejoy's 
"Poetry  of  the  seasons."     It  may  be  used  with  the  subdivision 

18 


Stories    as  a  supplementary  heading  for  such  a  book  as  Cooke's 
"Nature  myths." 

USEFUL  ARTS 

The  books  in  this  group  which  sometimes  present  difficulties 
are  those  which  are  made  up  of  miscellaneous  chapters  and  so  re- 
quire group  headings.  Archibald  Williams'  books  come  under 
this  class  and  other  "How  to"  books  as  well  as  the  "Stories  of  in- 
dustry" as  told  by  Chase  and  Clow.  Three  subject  headings  have 
been  chosen  for  the  sake  of  grouping  books  of  this  character:  In- 
dustries, [Manufactures  and  Handicraft. 

Industries.  Used  for  the  books  devoted  to  the  mechanical  and 
economic  aspects  of  the  great  industries.  The  study  is  usually 
made  by  tracing  certain  types,  as  cotton,  lumber,  sugar,  coal,  etc., 
from  the  production  of  the  raw  material  through  the  various 
changes  needed  to  make  the  product  useful  to  man.  A  book  of 
this  type  is  Keller  and  Bishop's  "Commercial  and  industrial  geog- 
raphy." 

Manufactures.  Includes  those  books  which  tell  how  definite 
articles  are  made  in  a  commercial  sense.  Williams'  "How  it  is 
made"  takes  this  heading. 

Handicraft.  Used  for  those  books  which  describe  in  detail 
for  the  amateur  the  construction  of  simple  machines,  manufac- 
tured articles,  toys,  etc.,  as  does  Waite's  "Boys  workshop."  It 
is  made  to  include  arts  and  craft  work  and  all  other  handwork  con- 
cerned with  the  application  of  art  to  industry.  The  heading  may 
sometimes  duplicate  the  heading  Occupations  for  children,  but  it 
is  usually  used  for  books  somewhat  more  advanced  than  those 
included  under  that  heading. 

Manual  training.  "In  spite  of  many  objections,  the  term 
'manual  training'  has  come  to  be  generally  applied  to  all  forms  of 
constructive  handwork  when  used  as  an  agent  in  general  educa- 
tion."   Monroe.    "Cyclopedia  of  education." 

Used  only  for  the  books  which  have  this  educational  purpose. 

Carpentry.  Used  for  the  books  on  woodworking  which  are 
not  included  under  the  heading  Manual  training  or  Woodcarving. 
Foster's  "Carpentry  and  woodwork"  takes  this  heading. 

These  scientific  headings  follow  the  same  ruling  as  to  the 
use  of  specific  terms  as  that  applied  to  other  subjects.  If  a  bridge 
has  a  special  name,  enter  under  that  name,  as  Brooklyn  bridge,  and 
do  not  include  the  material  under  Bridges. 

Subjects  may  sometimes  be  collected  through  references.  Fuel 
is  an  example  of  this.    The  books  and  chapters  on  coal,  gas,  peat, 

19 


petroleum  and  wood  all  touch  upon  these  products  as  fuel,  and 
yet  no  one  of  them  covers  the  subject  sufficiently  to  warrant  a 
heading.  In  the  adult  catalog  the  reader  interested  in  fuel  would 
know  of  the  relation  of  these  subjects,  but  the  children  are  not 
versed  enough  in  science  to  make  the  deduction. 

BIOGRAPHY-HISTORY-GEOGRAPHY 

Biography.  A  broad  group  heading  used  for  those  collections 
which  are  too  general  to  be  limited  to  any  one  class  or  subject,  as 
Harper's  "Leaders  of  men"  and  Steedman's  "When  they  were  chil- 
dren." When  lives  of  persons  belonging  to  any  special  class  or 
occupation  are  collected  in  one  book,  the  subject  heading  should 
be  expressive  of  that  class  or  occupation;  for  example,  a  collec- 
tion of  sketches  of  literary  men  and  women  takes  the  heading 
Authors,  and  if  a  collection  is  made  up  of  lives  of  Explorers,  In- 
ventors, or  Presidents,  these  specific  headings  are  adopted.  Such 
headings  as  Kings  and  rulers.  Queens,  Soldiers,  etc.,  should  be 
freely  used  for  collective  biographical  material. 

Individual  biography.  IMuch  good  material  about  individuals 
is  buried  in  the  collective  biographies  and  in  works  of  history  and 
description,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  wise  to  be  generous  in  making 
analytical  entries  for  persons  of  any  importance.  McMurry's 
"Pioneers  of  the  Mississippi  valley,"  the  Morris  series  of  "Histor- 
ical tales,"  Parkman's  "Prose  passages,"  all  contain  valuable  bio- 
graphical material  although  the  books  are  classed  as  History. 

When  the  same  personal  name  is  used  for  both  a  subject  and  an 
author  entry  in  the  dictionary  catalog,  the  form  of  this  name  must 
of  course  be  the  same  for  both  entries.  Books  by  Louisa  May  Al- 
cott  and  books  about  her  should  be  entered  uxider  the  same  full- 
ness of  name. 

Heroes  and  heroism.  This  heading  includes  three  subjects  in 
one:  (1)  it  is  used  for  collections  of  hero-tales  which  are  also  en- 
tered under  Legends,  as  Canton's  "Child's  book  of  warriors"; 
(2)  for  those  biographical  sketches  of  real  people  in  which 
the  author  tells  his  story  to  emphasize  the  heroic  quality  of  the 
character,  as  Baldwin's  "American  book  of  golden  deeds";  and  (3) 
it  is  made  to  cover  the  ethical  collections  which  emphasize  deeds 
of  heroism  and  valor,  as  Ewing's  "Jackanapes." 

History  and  biography.  Detailed  biographical  facts  make  lit- 
tle appeal  to  children,  nor  does  history  as  told  in  textbooks  arouse 
much  interest,  so  the  author  in  order  to  make  his  history  interest- 
ing often  resorts  to  the  method  of  having  his  historical  setting 

20 


center  in  a  hero  of  the  time.  It  is  often  difficult  to  determine  the 
classification  of  books  of  this  character,  but  if  there  is  doubt  it  is 
usually  safer  to  consider  them  as  Biography.  The  two  books  by 
Marshall,  on  Cromwell  and  Napoleon,  seem  to  be  on  the  border 
line  between  history  and  biog-raphy,  but  they  are  so  limited  to  the 
actions  and  achievements  of  those  two  leaders  that  they  are  classed 
as  Biography.  These  biographies  of  historical  figures  should  be 
connected  with  the  history  by  references,  as  England — History. 
See  also   Cromwell,  Wellington,  etc. 

HISTORY 

Those  histories  which  give  a  consecutive  and  connected  nar- 
rative, as  do  Marshall's  "Island  story"  and  Guerber's  "Story  of  the 
English"  are  entered  under  the  place  with  subdivision  History^  as 
England — History. 

In  other  history  material  for  children  the  writer  approaches 
his  subject  through  biographical  characters  and  by  narrating  great 
events  which  interest  through  their  dramatic  setting.  Because  of 
this  method  of  treatment  the  same  plan  of  entry  is  recommended 
as  is  followed  in  other  subjects,  namely  to  enter  directly  under 
the  specific  heading  rather  than  use  the  specific  heading  as  a  sub- 
division under  the  broad  class,  as  American  revolution,  not  United 
States — History — Revolution.  This  gives  the  alphabetical  rather 
than  the  chronological  arrangement,  and  while  it  will  in  some 
libraries  be  a  divergence  from  the  arrangement  followed  in  the 
adult  catalog  for  the  same  material,  I  believe  the  practical  use  to 
the  child  will  justify  the  change. 

North  America.  Most  of  the  books  which  take  this  heading 
are  entered  under  the  subdivision  Discovery  and  settlement.  As 
the  period  divisions  are  not  sharply  drawn  in  children's  books  it 
will  be  difficult  in  some  cases  to  limit  the  entry  to  this  one  head- 
ing. Often  the  heading  Colonial  period.  United  States,  will  have 
to  be  used  also.  IMany  books  which  are  entered  under  United 
States — History  should  be  analyzed  to  bring  out  the  period  of  dis- 
covery. 

United  States.  Used  for  general  histories.  Do  not  enter  here 
the  books  on  Discovery  of  America ;  these  go  under  North  America. 
References  must  be  made  to  each  specific  event  or  period  of  United 
States  history  which  is  entered  under  its  definite  name,  as  Louis- 
iana purchase.  Declaration  of  independence,  Spanish-American 
war,  etc. 

The  West.     Covers  the  history  and  description  of  that  part  of 

-21 


the  United  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  if  not  limited  to 
some  state  or  region  of  less  extent,  as  the  Rocky  mountains,  in 
which  case  the  more  specihc  heading  is  used.  References  are  made 
from  this  heading  to  Frontier  life  and  Ranch  life. 

Frontier  life  is  used  to  bring  together  the  biographies  and  his- 
tories which  show  this  phase  of  life,  as  Barstow's  "The  westward 
movement,"  and  Cirinnell's  "Beyond  the  old  frontier."  The  head- 
ing is  not  limited  to  any  special  region. 

Northwest  Territory,  United  States  is  used  as  a  history  head- 
ing and  not  as  a  geographical  heading.  Do  not  enter  here  the  books 
descriptive  of  the  region  between  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers 
and  the  Great  Lakes.  It  applies  only  to  the  Old  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory. Baldwin's  "Conquest  of  the  Old  Northwest"  takes  this 
heading. 

Wars  are  entered  under  the  name  of  the  war  and  not  as  a 
subdivision  of  the  country  where  fought,  as  Mexican  war.  War  of 
1812,  Crimean  war,  etc.  Reference  is  always  made  from  the  his- 
torv  heading  to  the  war  and  the  reverse  reference  should  be  made 
unless  the  history  books  are  fully  analyzed. 

Battles.  This  heading  is  used  to  include  accounts  of  battles 
fought  on  land  and  sea  or  land  battles  alone.  Naval  battles  are 
entered  under  Naval  battles.  Single  battles  are  entered  under  the 
name  of  the  battle,  as  Marathon,  Battle  of;  Gettysburg,  Battle  of, 
etc.  Reference  is  made  from  Wars  to  individual  battles  and  also 
from  Battles  to  names  of  battles. 

Explorers.  A  heading  used  to  include  exploration  not  limited 
to  one  country  and  also  the  biographical  material,  or  collections 
of  lives  of  explorers.  Verne's  "Famous  travels  and  travelers" 
takes  this  heading,  as  does  Jenks'  "Boy's  book  of  explorations." 
When  the  exploration  is  limited  to  one  country,  it  is  entered  under 
that  country,  as  Africa — Exploration.  Explorations  made  by  in- 
dividuals are  entered  under  the  individual,  as  Stanley,  Hudson,  etc. 
As  a  subdivision  under  United  States  it  includes  explorations  made 
into  the  western  part  of  the  country  and  should  not  be  confused 
with  the  subject  of  early  discovery.  McMurry's  "Pioneers  of  the 
Rocky  mountains  and  the  West"  takes  the  heading,  United  States 
— Exploration . 

Voyages  is  used  for  sea  voyages  not  limited  to  a  definite  re- 
gion, as  Dana's  "Two  years  before  the  mast."  Voyages  to  a  defi- 
nite region  are  entered  under  that  region,  as  Arctic  regions. 

Travel  is  used  for  those  land  and  sea  journeys  covering  many 
countries,  which  are  not  undertaken  for  purposes  of  explora- 
tion.    If  limited  to  any  one  country  the  entry  is  under  country 

22 


with  subhead  Description    and  travel^  as  Mexico — Description   mtd 
travel  for  Plummer's  "Roy  and  Ray  in  Mexico." 

Manners  and  customs  is  used  as  a  main  heading  and  also  as 
a  subdivision  under  place.  It  covers  those  books  which  describe 
the  life  and  habits  of  the  people  of  a  definite  locality  and  are  writ- 
ten to  acquaint  children  with  people  who  live  in  far  away  coun- 
tries. Many  geography  readers  take  this  heading.  Andrews' 
''Seven  little  sisters"  takes  the  general  heading  Manners  and  cus- 
toms, and  Headland's  "The  Chinese  boy  and  girl"  takes  the  head- 
ing China — Manners  and  custoyns.  Description  and  travel '\s  used 
under  place  when  the  book  gives  an  account  of  a  place,  while  Man- 
ners  and  customs  is  used  when  the  people  are  described. 

GEOGRAPHY 

Geography.  Used  as  a  main  heading  and  as  a  subdivision 
under  place  if  desired.  As  a  main  heading  it  is  used  to  cover  books 
descriptive  of  the  natural  features  of  the  earth,  clime,  products, 
races  of  men,  and  often  these  include  industries  and  commerce. 
These  books  are  usually  textbooks,  such  as  Tarr  and  McMurry's 
Geographies.  The  books  limited  to  the  industries,  commerce, 
manufactures,  etc.,  of  the  people  without  discussion  of  the  physical 
features  of  the  land  are  entered  under  Industries.  This  heading 
is  more  closely  defined  in  the  chapter  on  Science. 

Geography  is  used  as  a  subdivision  under  place  only  when  it 
is  desirable  to  bring  all  the  material  of  one  place  together,  such 
as  all  the  books  or  chapters  bearing  on  one's  own  State,  as  Penn- 
sylvania— Geography^  or  Wisconsin — Geography . 

Physical  geography.  Used  for  such  books  as  Kingsley's 
**Madame  How  and  Lady  Why"  as  well  as  the  more  definite  text- 
books, as  Davis'  "Elementary  physical  geography."  It  is  limited 
to  the  physical  features  of  the  earth,  as  earthquakes,  volcanoes, 
coral  reefs,  glaciers,  rivers,  etc. 

Geography — Readers.  Used  as  a  group  heading  for  the  books 
which  are  valuable  for  purposes  of  supplementary  reading,  but 
which  are  rather  too  popular  and  miscellaneous  to  be  entered  under 
Geography,  as  Carpenter's  "How  the  world  is  housed." 


23 


List  of  Subject  Headings 


INTRODUCTION 

This  List  includes  all  the  subject  entries  which  have  been 
actually  used  in  making  a  full  analytical  dictionary  catalog  of  a 
collection  of  children's  books  belonging  to  one  of  the  larger  pub- 
lic libraries.  No  headings  have  been  eliminated — geographical 
names,  personal  names,  names  of  birds,  flowers,  trees,  animals, 
machines,  cities,  days,  etc.,  have  all  been  included.  The  number 
of  such  names  is  only  limited  by  the  scope  of  the  collection  cata- 
'loged. 

Because  the  headings  given  are  limited  to  one  collection,  it 
necessarily  follows  that  many  new  subjects  will  have  to  be  added 
when  cataloging  any  other  library.  This  List  is  merely  a  work- 
ing basis  to  be  used  as  a  foundation  for  making  lists  which  shall 
meet  individual  needs.  New  headings  must  be  added  as  needed 
and  these  must  be  correlated  with  the  ones  already  included;  ref- 
erences must  increase  with  the  development  of  subjects,  and  defini- 
tions must  be  formulated  to  insure  uniformity  of  treatment.  The 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  for  example,  has  just 
issued  a  very  good  pamphlet  on  Bird  houses  which  will  be  added 
to  the  collections  in  many  children's  rooms,  and  when  this  is  cat- 
aloged the  heading  Bird  houses  must  be  added  to  this  List  because 
it  is  a  subject  not  yet  represented. 

Form  divisions.  PoeUy  (Page  15)  and  Sto7'tes  (Page  13) 
may  be  used  as  subdivisions  under  any  subject  in  this  List  when  it 
is  desirable  to  emphasize  these  forms,  as  Indians  of  America — 
Stories,  Birds — Poetry,  Middle  ages — Stories,  Russia — Stories^ 
Civil  war,  United  States — Stories. 

Subdivision  under  place.  The  following  subdivisions  may  be 
used  under  any  place  name : 

Description  and  travel     (Page  20) 

Exploration      (Page  22) 

Folklore     (Page  12) 

Geography     (Page  23) 

History      (Page  21) 

Manners  and  customs     (Page  23) 

These  subdivisions  have  only  been  given  in  the  List  when  it 
was  necessary  to  indicate  the  references  to  and  from  the  subject, 
as  England — Description  and  travel.  The  fact  that  they  are  not 
given  is  no  indication  that  their  use  is  not  recommended. 

27 


Place  versus  subject  entry.  When  it  is  necessary  to  choose 
between  place  and  subject,  preference  is  given  to  subject.  The 
books  to  be  cataloged  seldom  emphasize  the  local  side  of  a  sub- 
ject and  the  children  are  more  often  led  to  the  direct  subject  than 
to  the  country  of  which  that  subject  may  be  used  as  a  subdivision. 
For  those  who  wish  to  make  the  juvenile  catalog  consistent  with 
the  adult  catalog,  or  who  desire  to  group  subjects  under  the  United 
States  as  main  entry,  a  list  of  such  subdivisions  has  been  added  at 
the  end  of  the  List.  If  this  is  used  the  duplicate  entries  in  the  main 
part  of  the  List  must  be  deleted,  and  references  made  from  the 
subdivisions  to  the  United  States  headings,  as  Industries  see 
also  United  States — Industries. 

References.  References  have  been  very  generally  suggested, 
but  should  be  used  at  the  discretion  of  the  cataloger.  Where  so 
many  specific  and  minute  terms  are  used  it  is  essential  to  keep  the 
chain  of  references  quite  complete.  They  arc  needed  not  only  to 
correlate  subjects,  but  also  to  suggest  specific  headings  which 
might  not  occur  to  the  cataloger. 

In  the  juvenile  catalog  it  is  necessary  to  consider  the  indi- 
vidual books  entered  under  the  subjects  to  which  and  from  which 
we  refer.  We  must  be  sure  that  the  heading  to  which  reference 
is  made  contains  new  material  and  not  analytical  entries  for  the 
identical  book  which  is  already  entered  under  the  heading  referred 
from.  A  book  on  Sports  would  be  entered  under  this  heading  and 
each  chapter  would  be  entered  under  its  special  subject,  as  Football. 
If  we  refer  from  Sports  to  Football  we  may  not  be  getting  any  more 
material  than  we  had  under  Sports. 

References  have  been  freely  made  from  small  to  larger  sub- 
jects. This  is  contrary  to  the  general  rule,  but  in  a  catalog  of 
this  kind  it  will  be  found  necessary.  For  example,  the  catalog  may 
show  but  one  entry  under  Pilgrim  fathers,  but  more  material  is  to 
be  found  in  the  books  entered  under  Colonial  period.  Unless  every 
bit  of  material  is  analyzed  these  references  should  be  made. 

General  references  have  been  added  in  many  cases  after  the 
"See  also"  references  merely  to  save  space.  ]\Iany  catalogers  will 
find  it  more  useful  to  mention  definite  terms  than  to  use  the  phrase 
with  only  one  example.  It  is  more  definite  to  refer  from  a  history 
heading  to  all  the  wars  by  name  than  to  say  "See  also  names  of 
wars." 

Personal  names.  Proper  names  have  been  included  so  they 
may  be  easily  accessible  to  the  cataloger.  The  same  names  are 
certain  to  appear  in  the  juvenile  catalogs  of  the  various  libraries 
and  often  it  is  difiicult  to  identify  them  or  discover  the  correct 

28 


form  of  entry.  The  full  form  is  given  in  every  case  where  it  has 
been  possible  to  obtain  it,  but  the  short  form  recommended  for 
use  in  a  catalog  for  children  has  been  indicated  by  inclosing  the 
part  not  to  be  used  in  brackets,  as  Garfield,  James  A[bram].  The 
form  recommended  is  that  commonly  used  in  the  schools;  for  ex- 
ample, James  Russell  Lowell  is  left  full  because  the  children  learn 
of  Lowell  by  his  full  name.  They  do  not  know  Mrs  Priscilla  (Mul- 
lins)  Alden,  but  do  know  Priscilla  Alden.  Names  not  well  known, 
or  which  there  was  no  definite  reason  for  abbreviating,  have  been 
left  in  full,  to  be  shortened  at  the  discretion  of  the  cataloger. 

Only  one  name  is  used  for  classical  names  unless  more  are 
needed  for  identification  or  to  distinguish  from  another  of  the  same 
name. 

The  phrase  which  connects  kings  and  queens  with  their  coun- 
try has  been  retained,  but  the  rest  of  the  name  is  considered  un- 
necessary. Noblemen  and  other  titled  persons  are  shortened  to 
the  title  only,  as  Marlborough,  duke  of. 

References  are  given  from  the  form  of  the  name  not  used  to 
the  one  adopted,  and  these  are  traced  in  the  same  way  as  subjects. 

Abbreviations,  (s)  after  a  subject  heading  indicates  that  the 
reference  from  that  subject  is  a  "see"  reference.  Subjects  not  so 
marked  are  "see  also"  references.  The  abbreviation  e.  g.  has  been 
used  to  introduce  examples  in  order  to  make  this  List  uniform  with 
the  A.  L.  A.  "List  of  subject  headings,"  but  in  a  catalog  for  children 
it  would  be  better  to  introduce  such  examples  by  as. 

Page  references.  The  page  numbers  after  some  of  the  head- 
ings refer  to  the  discussion  of  those  headings  in  this  text. 


29 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS 

FOR 

JUVENILE  BOOKS 


A  Becket,  St.  Thomas  sec  Thomas  a  Beck- 

et,   St. 
Abolition  of  slavery  sec   Slavery 
Aboukir  bay,  Battle  of,  1798 
Abyssinia 
Acadia 
Accidents 

Sec  also  Life-saving;   Shipwrecks 


Acorns 

5rt'  also  Oak  trees 
Acrobats 

Sec  also  Circus 
Actors  and  acting 

See  also  Drama ;  Miracle  plays ;  Moving 
pictures ;     Operettas ;      Pageants ;     Panto- 
mime ;   Plays ;   Puppet  shows ;   Tableaux 
Adams,  Mrs  Abigail   (Smith) 
Adams,  John 
Adams,  John  Quincy 
Adams,   Samuel 

Addison,  Joseph  / 

Addresses  sec  Orations 
Adobe 
Adventure 

Sec  also  Explorers;  Frontier  life;  Hunt- 
ing;    Pirates;     Sea    stories;     Shipwrecks; 
Sports;  Travel;  Voyages;    (The)    \\'est 
.Xneas 
Aerial    navigation    sec    Airships;    Balloons; 

Aeroplanes 
Aeroplanes 

See  also  Airships ;  Balloons 


£sop 

i^tna.  Mount,  see  Etna,  Mount 

Afghanistan 

Africa 

• Description  and  travel 

See  also  Bushmen:  Congo  river;  Nile 
river;  Sahara  desert;  also  names  of 
countries,    e.g.    Egypt. 


Refer  from   Nile,   Battle  of   the,   1798    (s) 


Refer  from  Emergencies  (s) ;  First  aid  in 
illness  and  injury;  Injuries  (s);  Life-sav- 
ing; Nurses  and  nursing 


Refer    from    Biography ;    Drama ;    Plays ; 
Theater  (s) 


Refer  from     Escapes     (s) ;     Heroes 
heroism;  Stories   (s);  Voyages 


and 


Refer  from  Aerial  navigation  (s);  Air- 
ships; Biplanes  (s);  Flying;  Flying  ma- 
chines (s);  Mechanics;  Sports;  Transpor- 
tation 

Refer  from  Esop  (s) 


30 


Africa — Continued 
Exploration 

See  also  names  of  African  explorers, 
e.g.  Livingstone,    David;    Stanley,    Sir 
Henry  Morton 
Africa,  South 

See  also  Cape  Colony ;  Kafirs 

History 

See  also  Boer  war,  1899-1902 
Agamemnon,  king  of  Mycetice 

See  also  Trojan  war 
Agassiz,   Louis 
Agesilaus  II,  king  of  Sparta 
Agincourt,  Battle  of,  1415 

Agis  IV,  king  of  Sparta 

Agricola 

Agriculture  see  Farming 

Aguinaldo,  Emilio 

Ainos 

Air 

See  also  Barometer;  Liquid  air 

Air,  Liquid  see  Liquid  air 
Airships 

Sec  also  Aeroplanes ;  Balloons 


Alabama  and  Kearsarge   (ships) 

Alamo,  Siege  of  the,  1836 

Alaric,  ki)ig  of  the  I'isigoths 

Alaska 

Albemarle  (ship) 

Alchemy  see  Chemistry 

Alcibiades 

Alcott,  Louisa  May 

Alden,   [Mrs]    Priscilla   [(Mullins)] 

Aldrich,  Thomas   Bailey 

Alembert,  Jean  le  Rond  d' 

Alexander  the  Great,  king  of  Maccdoii 

Alexandria 

Alfred  the  Great,  king  of  England 

Algeria 
Alhambra 

Alighieri,  Dante  see  Dante  Alighieri 
All  fools'  day  see  April  fools'  day 
Allen,  Ethan 
Alligators 

Sec  also   Crocodiles ;   Reptiles 

Almanacs 

Sec  also  Calendars 
Alphabet 

Sec  also  Lettering;  Primers;  Writing 
Alps  mountains 

Aluminum 

See  also  Metals 
Alvarado,  Pedro  de 

Amateur  theatricals  see  Plays 


Refer   from    Discoveries    (in    geography) 
(s)  ;  Exploration   (s)  ;  Explorers 


Refer    from    Boers ;     England — Colonies ; 
Kafirs;  South  Africa  (s) 


Refer  from  Greece,  Ancient 


Refer  from    England — History ;    France — 
History 


Refer  from  Japan 

Refer  from  Atmosphere  (s)  ;  Gases;  Phys- 
ics ;  Weather 


Refer  from  Aerial  navigation  (s)  ;  Aero- 
planes; Balloons;  Dirigible  balloons  (s); 
Flying;  Flying  machines  (s);  Gases;  Me- 
chanics; Zeppelins    (s) 

Refer  from  Kearsarge  (ship)    (s) 

Refer  from  Goths 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions ;  Eskimos 

Refer  from  Warships 


Refer  from  Women — Biography 


Refer  from  D'Alembert,  Jean  le  Rond  (s) 
Refer  from  Macedonia 

Refer  from  England — History;  Kings  and 
rulers 

Refer  from  Moors 

Refer  from  Moors ;  Spain — Description 
and  travel 


Refer  from   Crocodiles;  Ocean  life;  Rep- 
tiles 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Calendars 

Refer  from  Language  ;  \\'riting 
Refer  from  Mountains;  Switzerland — De- 
scription and  travel 


31 


Amazon  river 

Amazon  valley 

Amber 

Ambition 

America  see  Central  America ;  North  Ameri- 
ca ;  South  America ;  United  States 

American  colonial  history  see  Colonial  period, 
United  States 

American  flag  see  Flags 

American  history  see  United  States — History 

American  Indians  see  Indians  of  America 

American  literature 

See  also  Authors ;  Books  and  reading ; 
Drama  ;  English  literature  ;  Humor  ;  Let- 
ters— ^^Collections  ;  Orations  ;  Poetry  ;  Poets  ; 
Readers  and  speakers 

American   poetry  see  Poetry 

American  revolution 

See  also  Boston  massacre,  1770;  Boston 
tea  party,  1773;  Declaration  of  inde- 
pendence; Stamp  act,  1765;  United 
States — History;  also  names  of  battles, 
e.  g.  Lexington,  Battle  of,  1775 


Amsterdam 

Amusements   (Page  16) 

See  also  Camping;  Charades;  Circus; 
Dances;  Dolls;  Electric  toys;  Fairs;  Fenc- 
ing;  JFireworks ;  Fishing;  Games;  Handi- 
craft; Hunting;  Kites;  Magic;  Magic  lan- 
terns ;  Moving  pictures ;  Occupations  for 
children;  Pageants;  Pantomime;  Paper 
work ;  Parties ;  Picnics ;  Plays ;  Puppet 
shows;  Riddles;  Riding;  Scientific  recre- 
ations; Skating;  Soap  bubbles;  Sports; 
Tableaux  ;  Toys  ;  Tricks  and  puzzles ;  Ven- 
triloquism 

Anatomy  see  Physiology 

Ancient  history  see  History,  Ancient 

Andersen,  Hans  Christian 

Andersonville  prison 

Andes  mountcuns 

Andre,  Maj.  John 

Andrea  del  Sarto 

Andree,  Salomon  Augusta 

Andrew,  John  Albion 

Andrews,  Jane 

Androclus 

Angelico,  Fra  [Giovanni] 

Angelique   de   Saint-Jean   see   Arnauld,   An- 

gelique 
Angelo,  Michael  sec  Michael  Angelo 
Angels 
Anglo-Saxons 

See  also  England — History 
Animal  houses  see  Animals — Houses 
Animal   kingdom  see  Animals;   Ocean   life; 

Zoology 
Animal  lore  see  Animals — Stories ;  Fables 
Animal  stories  see  Animals — Stories 


Refer   from    South    America — Description 
and  travel 


Refer    from    Character;    Ethical    stories; 
Success 


Refer  from   Authors ;    English   literature ; 
Literature;   Literature — American    (s) 


Refer  from  Boston  massacre,  1770;  Boston 
tea  party,  1773;  Bunker  Hill,  Battle  of.  1775; 
Declaration  of  independence;  Lexington, 
Battle  of,  1775 ;  Revolutionary  war.  United 
States  (s)  Stamp  act,  1765;  United  States — 
History;  United  States — History — Revolu- 
tion  (s) 


Refer  from  Entertainments  (s)  ;  Games; 
Manners  and  customs  ;  Occupations  for  chil- 
dren;  Parties;  Play  (s)  ;  Recreations  (s) ; 
Sports;  Toys 


Refer  from  Prisons 

Refer   from    South    America — Description 
and  travel 

Refer  from  Sarto,  Andrea  del  (s) 


Refer  from  Fra  Angelico   (s) 


Refer  from  England — History:  Saxons  (s) 


32 


Animals  (Page  18> 

Sec  also  Birds ;  Fish ;  Fossils ;  Hiberna- 
tion; Hunting;  Insects;  Kindness  to  ani- 
mals; Menageries;  Natural  history;  Ocean 
life;  Reptiles;  Taxidermy;  Worms; 
Zoology;  also  names  of  animals,  e.g. 
Bears,  Horses 

Care 

See  also  Animals — Houses;  Animals — 
Training;  Kindness  to  animals 

Extinct 

See  also  Fossils ;  Mammoths 

Houses 

See  also  Animals — Care  ;  Aquariums ; 
Menageries 

Poetry 

Stories 

See  also  Fables ;  also  names  of  animals, 
subhead  Stories,  e.  g.  Birds — Stories, 
Dogs — Stories 

Training 

See  also  Circus 
Animals,  Kindness  to  .Jc'i' Kindness  to  animals 
Annapolis,  United  States  Naval  Academy  see 
United   States   Naval  Academy,  Annapolis 
Anne,  queen  of  England 
Anne  Boleyn,  queen  of  England 
Anniversaries  see  Holidays ;   also   names  of 

special  days,  e.  g.  Thanksgiving  day 
Ant  see  Ants 
Ant  lions 
Antarctic  regions 

See  also  Arctic  regions ;  Explorers 

Antelopes 

Anthony,  Susan  B[rownell] 

Anthropology  see  Man 

Antinous 

Antiquities  see  Archaeology 

Antiquity  of  man  sec  Man — Prehistoric 

Antislavery  see  Slavery 

Antony,  Mark 

Ants 

Antwerp 

Apes 

See  also  Baboons;  Monkeys 

Appalachian    mountains 

Apple  trees 

Apples 

April  fools'  day 

Aquariums 

Aqueducts  "^ 

Arabia 

Arabian  nights'  entertainments 

Aratus 

Arbitration 

See  also  Peace 
Arblay,  Mme  Frances   (Burney)    d' 

sec   Burney,    Fanny 
Arbor  day 

Sec  also  Forestry;   Nature;  Trees 


Refer  from  Animal  kingdom  (s);  Beasts 
(s);  Domestic  animals  (s);  Farm  animals 
(s);  Natural  history;  Nature;  Wild  ani- 
mals (s);  Zoology 


Refer   from    Animals — Houses;    Kindness 
to  animals ;  Pets 

Refer  from  Extinct  animals  (s);  Fossils; 
Mammoths 

Refer  from  Animal  houses  (s)  ;  Animals — 
Care ;  Houses 
Refer  from    Poetry — ^Collections 

Refer    from    Animal    lore     (s)  ;     Animal 
stories  (s)  ;  Legends 


Refer  from  Animals — ^Care 


Refer  from  Women — Biography 


Refer  from  Arctic  regions  ;  Discoveries  ( in 
geography)  (s)  ;  Geography;  Polar  re- 
gions  (s);  South  pole  (s)  ;  Voyages 


Refer  from  Ant   (s) 


Refer  from    Baboons;    Chimpanzees    (s); 
Gorillas  (s);  Monkeys;  Orang-outangs  (s) 

Refer  from  Fruit 

Refer  from  All  fools'  day  (s);  Holidays 
Refer  from  Animals — Houses;  Fish;  Nat- 
ural history;  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Engineering;  Water  supply 
Refer  from  Bedouins 


Refer  from    Law;    Peace 


Refer  from    Days    (s);    Forestry;     Holi- 
days;  Nature;   Trees 


ZZ 


Arbutus 

Arc,  Joan  of  sec  Joan  of  Arc 

Archaeology 

Sec  also  Arms  and  armor;  Catacombs; 
Cave  dwellers;  Civilization;  ClifT  dwell- 
ers; Indians  of  America;  Lake  dwellers; 
Man — Prehistoric;  Mound  builders;  Obe- 
lisks; Pyramids;  Sphinx;  Stone  age; 
Temples;  Tombs 

Archery 

Archimedes 
Architecture 

Sec  also  Bridges;  Carpentry;  Heating; 
Houses;   Masonry;   Metal  work 
Arctic  regions 

Sec  also  Alaska;  Antarctic  regions; 
Eskimos;  Explorers;  Greenland;  Ice- 
bergs; also  names  of  Arctic  explorers, 
e.g.  Nansen.  Fridtjof 

Argentine  Republic 
Argonauts 


Refer  from  Trailing  arbutus  (s) 


Refer  from  Antiquities  (s);  History; 
Man — Prehistoric;  Manners  and  customs; 
Ruins   (s);  Stone  age 


Refer  from  Arrows    (s);   Athletics;    Bow 
and  arrow  (s);  Games;  Sports 


Refer  fron  Art;  Building  (sj;  Engin- 
eering;   Houses 

Refer  from  Antarctic  regions;  Discov- 
eries (in  geography)  (s);  Eskimos;  Geog- 
raphjr;  Ice;  Icebergs;  North  pole  (s); 
Northeast  passage  (s);  Northwest  pas- 
sage (s);  Polar  regions  (s);  Voyages 

Refer  from  Golden  fleece  (s) ;  Heroes  and 
heroism;  Jason  (s) ;  Myths 


Aristides 

Aristotle 

Arithmetic 

Arizona 

Arkwright,  Sir  Richard 

Armada,  1588  see  Spanish  armada,  1588 

Armenia 

Armies  sec  Army  life;  Battles;  Flags; 
Naval  battles;  Naval  life;  Signals;  Sol- 
diers; Torpedoes;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Army,  e.g.  France — Army, 
United  States — Army 

Armor  plate 

Sec  also  Warships 

Armored  vessels  sec  Warships 
Armour,  Philip  D[anforth] 
Arms  and  armor 

See  also      Guns;      Heraldry;      Swords; 
Weapons 
Army,   United   States  sec  United   States — 

Armj' 
Army  life 

See  also  Naval  life;  Soldiers 

Arnauld,  Angelique 

Arnold,   Benedict 

Arnold,  Thomas 

Arrows  see  Archery 

Art 

See  also  Architecture;  Artists;  China 
painting;  Clay  modeling;  Coins;  Collect- 
ors and  collecting;  Costume;  Design; 
Drawing;  Embroidery;  Etching;  Furni- 
ture: Handicraft;  House  decoration; 
Ironwork;  Jew^elrj^;  Lace;  Leather  work; 
Metal  work;  Museums;  Music;  Painting; 
Paper  work;  Photography;  Pictures; 
Pottery;    Pyrography;    Sculpture;    Sew- 


Rcfer  from     Shipbuilding;     Steel;     War- 
ships- 


Refer      from      Archaeology;      Costume; 
Guns;   Heraldry;   Swords;   Weapons 


Refer  from  Armies  (s);  Military  life  (s); 
Soldiers;    United   States — Army 
Refer  from  Angelique  de  Saint-Jean   (s) 


Refer  from  Arts,  Fine   (s);  Design;  Fine 
arts  (s);  Painting;  Sculpture 


34 


Art — Continued 

ing;     Stencil    work; 


Tapestry;     Wood- 


Education 

Art  galleries 

Artaxerxes  I,  kiug  of  Persia 
Artaxerxes  II,  king  of  Persia 
Artesian  wells 
Arthur,   King    (Page   10) 
Sec  also  Holy  grail 


Arthur,  Chester  A  [Ian] 

Artificial    flowers    see    Paper    work;    Wax 

flowers 
Artillery   sec    Guns 
Artists 

See  also    Musicians;    Painters;    Sculp- 
tors; also  names  of  artists,  e.g.  Michael 

Angelo 
Arts,  Fine  see  Art 
Arts,    Useful    see    Handicraft;    Industries; 

Manufactures 
Arts  and  crafts  see  Handicraft 
Aryans 
Ash  trees 
Asia 

Description  and  travel 

See  also    Himalaya    mountains;    also 
names  of  countries 
Aspiration  sec  Ideals 
Assisi,  Francis  of,  St. 

sisi,  St. 
Assyria 
Asters 

Aster,  John  Jacob 
Astronomy 

See  also    Almanacs; 

Calendars;     Comets; 

Gravitation;    Meteors 

Seasons;    Sky;    Stars;    Sun;    Telescope; 

Tides 
Athens 

Sec  also  Greece,  Ancient;  Parthenon 


India 
sec  Francis  of  As- 


Aurora 
Earth; 
Moon; 


borealis; 

Eclipses; 

Planets; 


Athletics    (Page  17) 

See  also  Archery;  Baseball;  Basket- 
ball; Fencing;  Football;  Olympic  games; 
Physical  education;  Rowing;  Running; 
Skating;  Sports;  Swimming;  Walking 

Atlantic  cable 

Atmosphere  sec  Air;  Weather 

Attila,  ki)ig  of  the  Huns 

Aucassin  and  Nicolette 

Auctions 

Audubon,  John  James 

Augustine,  St.    [abp.  of  Canterbury] 

Augustus,    [Caius    Octavius,]    emperor    of 

Rome 
Aurelius    Antoninus,    Marcus,    emperor   of 

Rome  see  Marcus  Aurelius,  emperor  of 

Rome 


Refer  from  Picture  galleries  (s) 


Refer  from  Water  supply 

Refer  from  Round  Table  (s);  Chivalry; 
Holy  grail;  King  Arthur  (s);  Knights  of 
the  Round  Table  (s);  Lancelot  of  the 
Lake;  Legends;  Merlin;  Romances  (s) 


Refer  from    Art;     Biography;     Painters; 
Painting;  Pictures;  Sculptors 


Refer  from  Levant 


Refer  from  Flowers 


Refer  from  Comets;  Eclipses;  Gravita- 
tion; Meteors;  Moon;  Planets;  Science; 
Sky;  Solar  system  (s);  Stars;  Sun;  Tides 


Refer  from  Greece,  Ancient;  Parthenon 


Refer  from  Collepe  athletics  (s) ;  Exer- 
cise (s);  Games;  Gymnasiums;  Olympic 
games;  Physical  education;  Play  (s); 
Running;  Sports;  Track  athletics  (s) 

Refer  from  Cables;  Submarine  cables  (s) ; 
Telegraph 


Refer  from  Nicolette   (s) 
Refer  from  Business;  Commerce 
Refer  from  Scientists 

Refer  from  Aurelius  Augustinus   (s) ;  St. 
Augustine   (s) 
Refer  from  Octavius  Caesar  (s) 


35 


Aurelius  Augustinns  sec  Augustine,  St.  abp. 

of  Cantcrhurj- 
Aurora  borealis 

Australasia 
Australia 

Exploration 

Austria-Hungary 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also  names   of  cities,   e.g.   Buda- 
pest, \'ienna 
Authors 

Sec  also    American     literature;     Books 
and  reading;  linglish  literature;  Journal- 
ism;   Literature;    Poets;    also    names    of 
authors,  e.  g.  Dickens,  Charles 
Automobiles 


Autumn 

Sec  also  Seasons 
Azores 
Aztecs 

Sec  also    Mexico;    Montezuma    II,    em- 
peror of  Mexico 
Baboons 

See  also  Apes;  Monkeys- 
Babylon 

Bach,  Johann  Sebastian 
Bacon,   Francis 
Bacon,  Roger 
Bacon's  rebellion,  1676 

Sec  also  Colonial  period.  United  States 
Bacteria  see  Germs 
Badgers 

B.tda  sec  Bede,  Tlic  Venerable 
Bahama  islands 
Bainbridge,  William 
Baker,  Sir  Samuel  White 
Bakers  and  bakeries 

See  also  Bread;  Cooking 
Baking  see  Bakers  and  bakeries;  Cooking 
Balaklava  see  Light  Brigade.  Charge  of  the 
Balboa,    [Vasco   Nunez   de] 
Baldwin  III,  king  of  Jerusalem 
Balearic  isles 
Balkan  states 

Sec  also     Bosnia;      Bulgaria;      Monte- 
negro; Servia 
Ball  see  Baseball;  Basket-ball;  Football 
Ballads    (Page  16) 

Sec  also  Folk  songs;  Poetry;  Songs 


Balloons 

See  also  Airships;   Kites 

Baltimore,    [Cecilius    Calvert,]    baron 

Bamboo 

Bancroft,  George 
Banian  trees 
Bank  of  England 
Banks,  Sir  Joseph 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Light;  Northern 
lights   (s);  Sky 

Refer  from  England — Colonies 

Refer  from  Exploration   (s);   Explorers 

Refer  from  Hungary  (s) 


Refer  from  American  literature;  Biog- 
raphy; Books  and  reading;  English  lit- 
erature; Literature;  Poets;  Writers  (s); 
Writing 

Refer  from  Manufactures;  Mechanics; 
Motor  carriages  (s);  Sports;  Transporta- 
tion 

Refer  from  Fall   (s);  Seasons 
Refer  from  Indians  of  America 


Refer  from  Apes;   Alonkeys 


Refer  from  Colonial  period,  L^nited  States 


Refer  from  West  Indies 


Refer  from   Baking   (s) ;   Bread;   Food 


Refer  from  Spain — Description  and  travel 


Refer  from  English  literature;  Folk 
songs;  Folklore  (s);  Legends;  Literature; 
Poetry — Collections;   Songs 

Refer  from  Aerial  navigation  (s) ;  Aero- 
planes; Airships;  Flying;  Gases;  Sports 

Refer  from  Calvert,  Cecilius,  baron  Balti- 
more (s) 

Refer  from  Furniture;  Wood 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking 


36 


Banks  and  banking 

Sec  also  Bank  of  England;  Money 

Banners  sec  Flags 
Bannockburn,  Battle  of,  1314 
Barbados 

Barbarossa.  Frederick  sec  Frederick  I 
(Barbarossa),  eniperor  of  the  Holy  Ro- 
man  Empire 

Barnacles 

Barney,  Joshua 

Barometer 

Barry,  John,  commodore 
Barton,  Clara 
Baseball 

Basket-ball 

Baskets 

See  also  Raffia  work 

Basques 
Bastille 
Baths  and  bathing 

Sec  also   Diving;   Swimming 

Bats 

Batteries  sec  Electricity 
Battle-ships  sec  Warships 
Battles     (Page   22) 

Sec  also   Naval   battles:  also   names  of 

battles,    e.    g.    Marathon,    Battle    of,    490 

B.  C. 
Bayard,  chevalier  de 
Bazaars 

See  also  Fairs;  Markets 
Beaconsfield,  [Benjamin    Disraeli,]    carl  of 

Beadwork 

See  also    Indians    of    America — Indus- 
"    tries 
Beans 
Bears 

Beasts  sec   Animals 
Beavers 
Becket,  St.  Thomas  a  see  Thomas  a  Becket, 

St. 
Bede 

Bedford,   [John  Plantagenet,]   duke  of 
Bedouins 

Sec  also  Arabia 
Beecher,  Henrj-  Ward 
Bees 
Beet  sugar 

See  also  Sugar 
Beethoven,  Ludwig  van 
Beetles 

Sec  also  Insects 
Behavior  see  Conduct;  Manners 
Belgium 

Bell,  Alexander  Graham 
Bell,   Currer.  pseud,  see   Bronte,   Charlotte, 
afterward   Mrs    Nicholls,    (pseud.    Currer 
Bell) 


Refer  from     Business;     Commerce;     Fin- 
ance  (s);   Money;   Wealth 


Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Air;   Physics;   Storms;   Ther- 
mometer;  Weather 


Refer  from  Athletics;  Ball  (s);  Games; 
Sports 

Refer  from  Athletics;  Ball  (s) ;  Games; 
Sports 

Refer  from  Handicraft;  Raffia  work; 
Weaving 

Refer  from  France — History 

Refer  from  Prisons 

Refer  from  Cleanliness  (s);  Hygiene; 
Swimming 


Refer  from    Armies     (s);     Fighting     (s) 
History;  Naval  battles;  Soldiers;  War 


Refer  from  Fairs;  Markets 
Refer  froiu    Disraeli,    Benjamin,    earl    of 
Beaconsfield  (s) 

Refer  from    Fancywork    (s);    Handicraft; 
Jewelry;  Needlework  (s);  Sewing 

Refer  from  Animals 


Refer  from  Bye  da  (s) 

Refer  from  John  of  Lancaster   (s) 


Refer  from  Farming 
Refer  from   Sugar 

Refer  from  Insects 


37 


Benares 

Benbow,  John 

Bennett,  James  Gordon 

Benton,  Thomas  Hart 

Beowulf 

Berbers 

Berlin 

Berlioz,  Hector 
Bermuda  islands 

Bernardin  de  Saint  Pierre,  Jacques  Henri 
sec  Saint  Pierre,  Jacques  Henri  Bernar- 
din  de 

Berries  sec  Fruit;  also  names  of  special 
berries,  e.g.  Cranberries 

Bessemer,  Sir  Henry 

Bible 

Bible  stories 

See  also   David;  Jesus   Christ;   Jews; 
Moses 

Bickerstaff,  Isaac,  Esq.  pseud,  see  Steele, 
Sir  Richard 

Bicycles  and  bicycling 

Sec  also   Motor  cycles 

Biddle,    Nicholas 

Big  game  sec  Hunting 

Big  trees 

Biography    (Page  20) 

Sec  also  Actors  and  acting;  Artists; 
Authors;  Doctors;  Explorers;  Girls; 
Heroes  and  heroism;  Indians  of  Amer- 
ica— Biography;  Inventors;  Kings  and 
rulers;  Ministers;  Musicians;  Painters; 
Pilgrim  fathers;  Poets;  Presidents; 
Queens;  Sailors;  "  Saints;  Scientists; 
Sculptors;  Soldiers:  Statesmen;  Teach- 
ers; Women — Biography 

Biplanes  see  Aeroplanes 

Birch  trees 

Bird   day 

Birds 

Sec  also  Bird  da}-;  Eggs;  Falconry; 
Flying;  Nests;  Taxidermy;  also  names 
of  birds,   e.g.   Robins,   Sparrows 

Migration 

Songs 

Stories 

Birds'  eggs  see  Eggs 

Birds'  nests  sec  Nests 

Birds  of  paradise 

Birthdays  see  Holidays;  Lincoln's  birth- 
day; Washington's  birthday;  also  names 
of  people,  subhead  Birthday  exercises, 
e.g.  Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth — 
Birthday  exercises 

Bismarck,  Prince  von 

Bison  sec  BuflFaloes 

Black,  Joseph 

Black  Douglas  see  Douglas,  Sir  James 

Black  Forest 

Black   Hawk,   Indian    cJiicf 
(The)  Black  Prince  sec  Edward,  the  Black 
Prince 


Refer  from   Folklore    (s) ;   Legends 

Refer  from    Germany  • — •  Description    and 
travel 


Refer  from  Steel 

Refer  from  Holy  Bible  (s) ;  Jesus  Christ; 
New  testament   (s);   Old  testament   (s) 

Refer  from  Religion;  Stories   (,s) 


Refer  from   Cycling   (s)  ;   Sports 


Refer  from  Trees 

Refer  from  History;  Lives  (s);  United 
States — Biography  (s)  ;  Women — Biog- 
raphy 


Refer  from  Trees 

Refer  from  Birds;  Days  (s);  Holidajs 

Refer  from     Animals;      Flying;     Nature; 
Xests;   Ornithology   (s) ;   Zoology 

Refer  from   Migration   of  birds    (s) 

Refer  from  Animals — Stories 


(Page   16) 


Refer  from    Germany  —  Description    and 
travel 


38 


Blackbirds 
Blackboard  drawing 
Blacksmithing 

Blackstone,  William 

Blaine,   James    G[illespie] 

Blake,  Admiral  Robert 

Blarney  stone 

Blue  grotto 

Blue  jays 

Boadicea 

Boarding-  school  stories  sec  School  stories 

Boars 

Boasting 

Boat  racing  sec  Rowing 

Boats  and  boating 

Sec  also  Canoes  and  canoeing;  House 
boats;  Ice  boats;  Life-saving;  Motor 
boats;  Rowing;  Ships;  Steamboats;  Sub- 
marine boats;  Torpedo  boats;  Yachts 
and  yachting 

Bobolinks 

Body,   Human  see  Hygiene;   Physiology 

Boer  war,  1899-1902 

Boers 

See  also  Africa,  South;  Boer  war,  1899- 
1902.  • 

Boleyn,  Anne  sec  Anne   Boleyn,  queen  of 
England 

Bolivar,  Simon 

Bolivia 

Bombay 

Bon  Homme  Richard  and  Serapis  (ships) 

Bonaparte,   Louis   Napoleon  see  Napoleon 
III,  emperor  of  the  French 

Bonaparte,  Napoleon  see  Napoleon  I,  em- 
peror of  the  French 

Bondone.    Giotto    Angiolotto    see    Giotto, 
Angiolotto  Bondone 

Bonheur,  Rosa 

Boniface,   St. 

Bookbinding 

Sec  also  Leather  work 


Books  and  reading 

Sec  also    Authors; 
erature;  Printing 


Bookbinding;    Lit- 


Boone,  Daniel 

Booth,  Mrs  Ballington 

Booth,  Mrs  Catherine   (Mumford) 

Boots  see  Shoes 

Border  life  see  Frontier  life 

Borneo 

Bosnia 

Sec  also  Balkan   states 
Boston 

Boston  massacre,  1770 

See  also  American  revolution 

Boston  tea  party,  1773 

Sec  also  American  revolution 


Refer  from  Chalk  modeling  (s);  Drawing 
Refer  from    Forging    (s);    Horseshoeing 
(s);   Industries;   Ironwork;  Trades   (s) 


Refer  from    Character;    Ethical   stories 


Refer  from  Canoes  and  canoeing;  House 
boats;  Ice  boats;  Rowing;  Sailing  (s); 
Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Sports;  Yachts  and 
yachting 


Refer  from     Africa,     South  —  History; 
Boers;  South  African  war,  1899-1902  (s) 


Refer  from  India — Description  and  travel 
Refer  from  Serapis   (ship)    (s) 


Refer  from  St.  Boniface   (s) 

Refer  from  Books  and  reading;  Handi- 
craft; Industries 

Refer  /rom  American  literature;  Authors; 
Education;  English  literature;  Literature; 
Readers  and  speakers;  Reading  (s);  Writ- 


Refer  from  Dyaks;  East  Indies 

Refer  from  Balkan  states 
Refer  from     United     States — Description 
and  travel. 

Refer  from    American    revolution;    Colo- 
nial period,  United  States 

Refer  from    American    revolution;    Colo- 
nial  period.   United   States 


39 


Botany    (Page  18) 

Sec  also  Buds;  Bulbs;  Cells;  Flowers; 
Fossils;  Fruit;  Gardens  and  gardening; 
Herbariums;  Leaves;  Natural  history; 
Nature;  Parasites;  Plants;  Seeds;  Trees; 
Weeds 

Bouillon,  Godfrey  de  see  Godfrey  de  Bouil- 
lon 

Bow  and  arrow  see  Archery 

Bowie,  James 

Boy  scouts 

Boyesen,  Hjalmar  Hjorth 
Boys 

Sec  also  Boy  scouts;  Children;  Educa- 
tion 
Brahe,   Tycho 
Brant,  Joseph 
Brass 

Sec  also  Bronze 

Brassey,  Annie,  lady 

Bravery  see  Courage;  Heroes  and  heroism 

Brazil 

Bread 

Sec  also    Bakers    and    bakeries;    Cook- 
ing; Flour 
Bremer,  Fredrika 
Brian  Boru,  king  of  Ireland 
Bricks 

See  also  Masonry 
Bridges 

See  also  Brooklyn  bridge 

Bright,  John 

Brindley,  James 

British   America  sec   Canada 

British  Columbia 

British  Guiana  see  Guiana 

British  museum 

Brittany 

Bronte,  Charlotte,  [afterward  Mrs  Nicholls, 

(pseud.  Currer  Bell)] 
Bronze 

Sec  also  Brass 
Brooklyn  bridge 
Brooks,  Phillips,  bp. 
Brown,  John,  of  Ossazvafouiie 
Browning,  Mrs  Elizabeth   (Barrett) 
Bruce,  James 
Bruce,  Robert,  king  of  Scotland  see  Robert 

Bruce,  king  of  Scotland 
Bruges 
Brunhild 
Brussels 

Brutus,  Marcus   [Junius] 
Bryant,  William  Cullen 

Birthday  exercises 

Buccaneers  sec  Pirates 
Buchanan,  James 
Buckland,  Francis  Trevelyan 
Budapest 


Refer  from  Buds;  Flowers;  Leaves;  Nat- 
ural history;  Nature;  Plants;  Roots;  Sci- 
ence; Seeds 


Refer  from     Boys;     Chibs;     Scouts     and 
scouting  (s);  Sports 


Refer  from    Children 

Refer  from  Tycho  P.ralic  (s) 


Refer  from  Bronze;  Copper;  Metal  work; 
Metals;  Zinc 


Refer  from  South   America — Description 
and   travel 

Refer  from  Bakers  and  bakeries;   Flour; 
Food 


Refer  from  Manufactures;  Masonry 

Refer  front     Architecture;     Engineering; 
Masonry;  Suspension  bridges  (s) 


Refer  from  London;  Museums 
Refer  from     France  —  Description     and 
travel 

Refer  from  Bell,  Currer,  pseud,  (s) 


Refer  from  Brass;  Copper;   Metal  work 
Refer  from   Bridges;   Suspension   bridges 


(s) 


Refer  from    Austria-Hungary — Descrip- 
tion  and   travel 


4C 


Buddha  and  Buddhism 
Buds 

Sec  also  Botany;  Flowers 

Buenos  Ayres 

Buffalo  Bill  sec  Cody,  William  Frederick 

Buffalo  Jones  sec  Jones.  Charles  Jesse 

Buffaloes 

Building  see  Architecture;  Carpentry;  En- 
gineering; Houses;  Log  cabins;  Masonry 

Bulbs 

Sec  also  Flowers;  Plants 

Bulgaria 

.S"(V  also  Balkan  states 

Bull,  Ole 

Bullfights 

Bulwer-Lytton,  Edward  George  Earle 
Lytton,  baron  Lytton  sec  Lytton,  Ed- 
ward George  Earle  Lytton  Bulwer-Lyt- 
ton, baron 

Bunker  Hill,  Battle  of,  1775 

See  also  American  revolution 

Bunyan,  John 

Buoys 

Burdett-Coutts,    [Angela    Georgina.J    bar- 

0)1  CSS 

Burke,  Edmund 

Burma 

Burnett,  Mrs  Frances  (Hodgson) 

Burney,  Fanny 


Burns,  Robert 

Burnside,  Gcii  Ambrose  Everett 

Burnt  wood  work  sec  Pyrography 

Burr,  Aaron 

Burr,  Theodosia 

Burritt,  Elihu 

Burros  see  Donkeys 

Burroughs,  John 

Burton,  Sir  Richard  Francis 

Bushmen 

Business 

See  also  Auctions;  Banks  and  banking; 
Commerce;  Commercial  travelers;  In- 
dustries; Mail  service;  Manufactures; 
Markets;  Money;  Occupations,  Choice 
of;  Shorthand;  Success;  Typewriting; 
Wealth 

Butler,  [Elizabeth  Southerden  (Thomp- 
son),]  lady 

Butter 

Butterflies 

_Scc  also  Caterpillars;  Moths 

Butterworth,  Hezekiah 

Buxton,  Sir  Thomas   Fowell 

Byron,    [George   Gordon   Noel,]    lord 

Cabeca  de  Vaca,  Alvarez  Nunez  sec  Nuiiez 

Cabega  de  Vaca,  Alvarez 
Cabinet   work  see   Carpentry;    Furnitur'^ 
Cabins  see  Log  cabins 


Refer  front  Religion 

Refer  from    Botany;     Flowers;     Leaves; 
Plants 


Refer  from  Bison  (s) 

Refer  from   Botanj';    Plants 

Refer  froin  Balkan  states 

Refer  from  Fighting   (s);   Sports 


Refer  from  Harbors;  Life-saving;  Sig- 
nals 

Refer  from  Coutts,  Angela  Georgina  Bur- 
dett-   (s) 


Refer  from  Arblay,  Mme  Frances  (Bur- 
ney) d'  (s);  D'Arblay,  Mme  Frances  (Bur- 
ney)   (s) 

Refer  from  Poets 


Refer  from  Africa — Description  and  trav- 
el; Hottentots 

Refer  from  Commerce;  Industries;  Mon- 
ey; Occupations,  Choice  of;  Stores  (s); 
Success;  Trade  (s);  Trades  (s);  Wealth 


Refer  frout    Cows;    Dairy    (s);    Farming; 
Milk 

Refer  from    Caterpillars;    Chrysalis    (s); 
Cocoons  (s);  Insects;  Moths 


41 


Cable,   George  Washington 
Cables 

Sec  also  Atlantic  cable 

Cabot,  John 

Cabot,   Sebastian 

Cabrillo,    Juan    Rodriguez 

Cactus 

Caedmon 

Caesar,  Julius 

Cairo 

Calais,  Siege  of,  1347 

Calcutta 

Calendars 

Sec  also   Almanacs 
Calhoun,  John  Caldwell 
Calico  printing 

California 

Caligula,   emperor   of  Rome 

Calvert,  Cecilius,  baron  Baltimore  see  Bal- 
timore,  Cecilius    Calvert,   baron 

Cambyses    III,    king    of   Persia 

Camels 

Cameras  sec  Photography- 
Cameron,  Verney  Lovett 

Camillus 

Campanile  of  Giotto 

Camperdown,  Adam  Duncan,  viscount 
Duncan  of  see  Duncan,  Admiral  Adam 
Duncan,  viscount 

Camping 

Sec  also  Outdoor  life;  Tents 

Canada 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  names  of  cities,  e.g.  Quebec 
Canals 

See  also    Erie    canal;     Panama    canal; 
Suez  canal 
Canaries 
Canary  islands 
Candles 
Candy 

Canning,  George 
Cannon  sec  Guns 
Cano,  Alonso 
Canoes  and  canoeing 

Sec  also  Boats  and  boating 

Canova,  Antonio 
Cantatas 

Sec  also   Operettas;    Plays 
Canterbury,  England 
Canton,  China 

Canute,  king  of  England,  Denmark  and  Nor- 
way 
Cape  Breton  island 
Cape  Colony 
Capri,  Island  of 

Cardboard  construction  see  Paper  work 
Carnegie,  Andrew 


Refer  from  Rope;  Submarine  caliles  (s); 
Telegraph 


Refer  from  Rome,  Ancient 
Refer  from     Egypt  —   Description      and 
travel 


Refer  from  Almanacs;  Astronomy 

Refer  from  Cloth;  Cotton;  Dyeing;  Print- 

Refer  from  (The)  West 


Refer  from  Giotto's   campanile   (s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Country  life; 
Outdoor  life;  Sports;  Tents 

Refer  from  British  America  (s);  Eng- 
land— Colonies 


Refer    from     Commerce;     Engineering; 
Transportation;  Water  supply 


Refer  from   Lighting;   Manufactures 
Refer  from   Confectionery   (s);   Cooking; 
Sugar 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Rowing; 
Sports;    Yachts   and    yachting 


Refer  from  Music;  Operettas;  Plays 


Refer  from  Knut  the  Great  (s) 

Refer  from  Africa,  South 

Refer  from  Italy — Description  and  travel 


42 


Carnegie   Hero    Fund   Commission 

Carnivals  sec  Mardi  Gras 
Caroline  islands 

Carols  sec   Christmas — Songs;   Songs 
Carpentry    (Page  19) 

Sec  (dso  Houses;  Lathes;  Log  cabins; 
Manual  training;  Tools;  Wood  carving 


Carpets 

See  also    Rugs 

Carrier  pigeons  sec  Pigeons 

Carson,  Kit  sec  Carson,  Christopher 

Carson,  Christopher 

Cartier,  Jacques 

Carving  see  Sculpture;  Wood  carving 

Cary,  Alice 

Cary,  Phoebe 

Castles. 

Sec  also  Warwick  castle;  Windsor  cas- 
tle 
Castro,  Ines  de 
Catacombs 

Catbirds 
Caterpillars 

See  also   Butterflies;   Moths 

Catharine  of  Siena,  St. 
Catharine   I,   empress  of  Russia 
Catharine  II,  empress  of  Russia 
Catharine   de'   Medici,  queen   of  France 
Catharine  of  Aragon,  queen  of  England 
Cathedrals 

See  also  Notre  Dame,  Paris;  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  London;  St.  Peter's,  Rome 
Cato,  [Marcus  Porcius,]  the  elder 
Cato,  [Marcus  Porcius,]   the  younger 
Cats 
Cattle 

See  also  Cows 


Caucasian  race 
Cavalier,   Jean 
Cave  dwellers 

Cavendish,  Henry 
Caves 

See  also     Catacombs;     Cave    dwellers; 
Mammoth  cave 
Caxton,  William 
Cedar   trees 
Celebes  island 
Cellini,  Benvenuto 
Cells 
Central  America 

See  also  Costa  Rica;  Guatemala;  Hon- 
duras; Nicaragua 

Cereals  see   Grain 

Cervantes  Saavedra,  Miguel  de 

Ceylon 


Refer  from  Hero  Fund   (s) ;  Heroes  and 
heroism 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Building  (s) ; 
Cabinet  work  (s);  Industries;  Manual 
training;  Tools;  Trades  (s);  Turning  (s); 
Woodwork    (s) 

Refer  from  Cloth;  House  decoration; 
Manufactures;   Rugs;   Weaving 


Refer  from  Carson,  Kit  (s) 


Refer  from  Middle  ages 

Refer  from  Inez  de  Castro   (s) 
Refer  from   Archaeology;    Caves;    Rome 
(city);  Tombs 


Refer  front     Butterflies;     Chrysalis     (s); 
Cocoons  (s);  Insects;  Moths;  Worms 
Refer  from  St.   Catharine  of  Siena 


Refer  from  Pets 

Refer  from    Cows;    Dairy    (s);    Farming; 
Oxen    (s) 


Refer  from  Archaeology;    Caves;   Man- 
Prehistoric 


Refer  from  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Botany 
Refer  from  America  (s) 


43 


Chairs 

Sec  also  Furniture 

Chaldea 

Chalk 

Chalk  modeling  sec  Blackboard  drawing 

Chalmers,   James 

Chalmers,  Thomas 

Chambers,  William 

Chameleons 

Chamois 

Champlain,    Samuel    de 

Champlain,  Lake 

Channel   islands 

Chantrey,  Sir  Francis 

Character 

See  also  Ambition;  Boasting;  Cheerful- 
ness; Conceit;  Conduct;  Contentment; 
Courage;  Ethical  stories;  Faith;  Grati- 
tude; Greediness;  Helpfulness;  Heroes 
and  heroism;  Honesty;  Hope;  Ideals; 
Idleness;  Industry;  Justice;  Kindness; 
Obedience;  Orderliness;  Patience;  Per- 
severance; Pride;  Promptness;  Self- 
control;  Selfishness;  Service;  Temper- 
ance; Thoroughness;  Thoughtfulness; 
Truthfulness;  Unselfishness;  Usefulness. 

Charades 

Sec  also  Plays;  .  Riddles;  Tableaux; 
Tricks  and  puzzles 

Charcoal 

Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade  sec  Light  Bri- 
gade, Charge  of  the 

Charlemagne,  emperor  of  the  West  (Page 
10) 

Charlemagne  romances    (Page   10) 

Charles  I,  king  of  England 

Charles  II,  king  of  England 

Charles  V,  emperor  of  Germany 

Charles  XII,  king  of  Sweden 

Charles  Edward  Stuart,  the  Young  Pre- 
tender see  Stuart,  Charles  Edward,  the 
Young  Pretender 

Charles  the  Bold,  duke  of  Burgundy 

Charter  oak 

Chatham,  William  Pitt,  earl  of  see  Pitt, 
William,  earl  of  Chatham,  1708-78 

Chaucer,   Geoffrey 

Checkers 

Cheerfulness 

Cheese 

Chemistry 

Sec  also  Gases;  Physics;  Scientific  rec- 
reations 
Chestnut  trees 
Chestnuts 
Chicago 
Chickadees 
Chickens 

See  also  Poultry 
Childe  Horn  see  King  Horn 


Refer  from  Furniture 
Refer  fron  Geology 
Refer  from  Tamatc    (s) 


Refer  from  Conduct;  Ethics   (s)  ;  Ethical 
stories;  Success 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Drama;  Plays; 
Riddles;  Tableaux;  Tricks  and  puzzles 


Refer    from     Chivalry;     Legends;     Ro- 
mances (s) 


Refer  from  Colonial  period,  United  States 


Refer  from  Games 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories; 
Gladness   (s) 

Refer  from  Cows;  Dairy  (s);  Farmmg; 
Milk 

Refer  from  Alchemy  (s) ;  Gas;  Gases; 
Physics;   Science 

Refer  from  Nuts  and  nutting 
Refer  from  Cities 


Refer  from  Hens  (s);  Poultry 


44 


Children 

Sec  also   Boys;    Education;    Girls;   Oc- 
cupations   for    cliildren;    also    names    of 
countries,    subhead    Manners    and    cus- 
toms, e.g.  Japan — Manners  and  customs 
Children's  crusade,  1212 

Sec  also  Crusades 
Children's  parties  see  Parties 
Childs,   George  William 
Chile 

Chimneys 

Chimpanzees  sec  Apes 

China 

Description  and  travel 

See  also    Korea;    Manchuria;    Tibet; 
also  names  of  cities,  e.g.  Peking 

History 

Manners  and  customs 

China,  Wall  of  see  Wall  of  China 

China  painting 

Chinaware   sec   Pottery 

Chinese  literature 

Chipmunks 

Chivalry 

Sec  also    Arthur,     King;    Charlemagne 

romances;     Crusades;     Feudal     system; 

Heraldry;  Heroes  and  heroism;  Knights; 

Middle  ages 
Chocolate 
Choice    of    occupations    see    Occupations, 

Choice  of 
Chopin,  Frederic  Frangois 
Christ  sec  Jesus  Christ 
Christian  names  see  Names 
Christina,  queen  of  Swedeti 
Christmas    (Page  16) 

Customs 

Dialogues 

' Gifts 

Plays 

Poetry 

Songs 

Stories 

Christopher,  St. 

Christ's  hospital,  London 

Chrysalis      see      Butterflies;      Caterpillars; 

Moths 
Churchill,  John,  duke  of  Marlborough  see 

Marlborough,  John  Churchill,  duke  of 
Cicadas   (commonly  called  locusts) 
Cicero 
(The)  Cid    (Page  11) 

Cimon 
Cincinnatus 
Cinnamon  sec  Spices 
Circus 

Cities 

See  also  Hanseatic  league;  Markets; 
Street  cleaning;  Street  railroads;  also 
names  of  cities,  e.g.  Chicago 


Refer  from   Boys;    Education;   Girls 


Refer  from  Crusades 


Refer  from    South    .\tncrica — Description 
and  travel 

Refer  from   Heating 


Refer  from  Tartars 
Refer  from   Customs    (s) 

Refer  froDt   Art;    Painting;    Pottery 

Refer  from    Literature — Chinese    (s) 


Refer  from     Crusades;     Feudal     system; 
Heraldry;  Knighthood  (s);  Middle  ages 


Refer  from  Cocoa   (s) 


Refer  from    Days    (s);    Holidays;    Jesus 
Christ 


Refer  from  Drama;  Plays 
Refer  from  Poetry — Collections 
Refer  from  Carols  (s);  Songs 

Refer  from  St.  Christopher  (s) 
Refer  from  Schools 


Refer  from  Grasshoppers;   Locusts 

Refer     from     Folklore      (s);      Legends; 
Spain — History 


Refer  from  Acrobats;  Amusements;  Ani- 
mals— Training;  Menageries 


45 


Citizenship 

Sec  also    Civic    readers;     Government; 
Patriotism;   United   States — Government 
Civic  readers 


Civil  engineering  sec  Engineering;  Survej'- 

Civil  government  sec  Government;   United 

States — Government 
Civil  war,  United  States 

Sec  also    United    States — History;    also 

names  of  battles,  e.g.  Gettysburg,  Battle 

of,    1863 

Stories 

Civilization 

Sec  also     History;     Inventions;     Man; 

Manners  and  customs 

Claflin,  Horace  Brigham 

Clark,  Alvan 

Clark,   Gen.    George    Rogers 

Classical  literature  sec  Greek  literature — 
Collections;  Latin  literature  —  Collec- 
tions 

Classical  mythology  sec  Myths — Greek  and 
Roman 

Claude  Lorrain 

Clay,  Henry 
Clay  modeling 

Cleanliness  .T;'t'  Baths  and  bathing;  Hy- 
giene 

Clemens,  Samuel  Langhorne  sec  Twain, 
Mark,  pseud. 

Cleomenes  III,  king  of  Sparta 

Cleopatra,  queen  of  Egypt 

Cleveland,  Grover 

Cliff  dwellers 


Clififord,    George,   earl    of   Cumberland  sec 
Cumberland,   George    Clifford,   earl   of 

Climate 

Sec  also  Physical  geography;  Rain; 
Seasons;    Weather 

Climbing 

Clinton,  De  Witt 

Clive,  Robert,  baron 

Clocks  and  watches 

Cloth 

See  also  Calico  printing;  Carpets; 
Clothing;  Cotton;  Dyeing;  Linen;  Rugs; 
Silk;  Spinning;  Tapestry;  Weaving; 
Wool 

Clothing 

Sec  also  Cloth;  Costume;  Dressmak- 
ing; Furs;  Gloves;  Hats;  Lace;  Shoes 

Clotilda,  St.  queen  of  the  Franks 

Clouds 

See  also  Sky;  Weather 

Cloves  sec  Spices 

Clovis  I,  king  of  th.e  Franks 


Refer  from  Government;  Law;  Patriot- 
ism;  Voting 

Refer  from  Citizenship;  Government;  Hy- 
giene, Public;  Law;  Patriotism;  Reader.^ 
and  speakers;  United  States — Government 


Refer  from  Gettysburg,  Battle  of,  1863; 
Slavery;  United  States — History;  United 
States — History — Civil   war    (s);   War 

Refer  from  War — Stories   (s) 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Feudal  system; 
History;   Man 


Refer  from  Gelee,  Claude  (s);  Gellee, 
Claude  (s);  Lorrain,  Claude  (s) 

Refer  from  Statesmen 

Refer  from  Art;  Handicraft;  Modeling 
(s)  ;   Pottery;   Sculpture 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Indians  of 
America;  Man — Prehistoric;  Pueblo  In- 
dians  (s) 


Refer  from     Physical     geograpliy;     Tem- 
perature (s);  Weather 


Refer  from  Manufactures;  Watches   (s) 

Refer  from  Clothing;  Cotton;  Cotton 
cloth  (s)  ;  Cotton  mills  (s);  Linen;  Manu- 
factures; Spinning;  Textile  fabrics  (s); 
Weaving;  Wool 

Refer  from    Cloth;    Costume;    Dress    (s) ; 
Dressmaking;  Hygiene;   Manufactures 
Refer  from  St.  Clotilda   (s) 

Refer  from  Physical  geography;  Sky; 
Weather 


46 


Clubs 

Sec  also  Boj-  scouts;  Girls'  clul)s 
Coaclies  and  coaching  sec  Stage-coaches 
Coal 

Sec  also  Geology;   Mines  and  mining 

Coal  oil  see  Petroleum 

Coal-tar  colors  sec  Dyeing 

Coats  of  arms  sec  Heraldry 

Cochineal 

Cochrane,  Thomas,  earl  of  Dundonald  sec 

Dundonald,    Thomas    Cochrane,    earl    of 
Cockatoos  sec  Parrots 
Cockroaches 
Cocoa  sec   Chocolate 
Cocoanuts 
Cocoons      sec      Butterflies;       Caterpillars; 

Moths;    Silkworms 
Cody,  William  Frederick 
Coffee 
Coins 

Sec  also  Mints;  Money 

Cole,  Thomas 

Coleridge,   Hartley 

Coleridge,   Samuel  Taylor 

Coliseum   sec    Colosseum 

Collectors  and  collecting 
Sec  also  Coins;   Stamps 

College    athletics   sec   Athletics;     Physical 
education;  Sports 

College  songs 

Collesre   stories  see  School   stories 

Colleges 

Sec  also  names  of  colleges,  e.  g.  Har- 
vard University 

CoUingv/ood,   Cuthbert,   lord 

Cologne,   Germany 

Colombia 

Colonial  period.  United  States 

See  also  Bacon's  rebellion,  1676;  Bos- 
ton massacre,  1770;  Boston  tea  part)-, 
1773;  Charter  oak;  French  and  Indian 
war,  1755-6vi:  King  George's  war,  1744- 
48;  Kino-  William's  war,  1689-97;  North 
America — Discovery  and  settlement;  Pil- 
grim fathers;  Queen  Anne's  war,  1702- 
13;  Stamp  act,  1765;  Thanksgiving  day; 
also  names  of  the  American  colonies,  e.  g. 
Pennsylvania 

Colonna,  Vittoria 

Color 

Colorado 

Colorado  river 

Colored  people  sec  Negroes;  Slavery 

Colosseum 

Colossus  of  Rhodes 

Columba,  St. 

Columbus,  Christopher 

Comets 

See  also  Astronomy 
Commerce 

.S"(r  also  Auctions:  Banks  and  banking; 
Business;      Canals;      Fairs;      Hanseatic 


Refer  from  Fuel   (s)  ;  Geology;   Heating; 
Minerals;  Mines  and  mining 


Refer  froui  Nuts  and  nutting 
Refer  from  Buffalo  Bill   (s) 


Refer  from   Art;    Collectors    and    collect- 
ing; Gold;  Money;  Silver 


Refer  from  Art 

Refer  from  Music;  Songs 

Refer  from  Education;   Schools 


Refer  from  American  colonial  history  (s) ; 
Bacon's  rebellion,  1676;  French  and  Indian 
war,  1755-63;  Frontier  life;  King  George's 
war;  1744-48;  King  William's  war,  1689-97; 
Pilgrim  fathers;  Queen  Anne's  war,  1702- 
13;  Stamp  act,  1765;  United  States,  Colonial 
period  (s);  United  States — History;  United 
States  —  History  —  Colonial  period  (s); 
United  States — Manners  and  customs 

Refer  from  Pescara,  marchesa  di   (s) 
Refer  from  Dyeing;  Painting 
Refer  from   (The)    West 
Refer  from  Grand  canon  of  the  Colorado 
(s):  (The)  West 

Refer  from  Coliseum   (s) ;  Rome   (city) 

Refer  from    St.    Columba    (s) 
Refer  from  Explorers 

Refer  from  Astronomy 

Refer  from  Business;  Commercial  geog- 
raphy (s);   Exports   (s);   Imports  (s) ;   In- 


47 


Commerce — Continued 

league;  Harbors;  Manufactures;  Mar- 
kets; Money;  Railroads;  Smuggling; 
Success;   Transportation 

Commercial     geography     sec     Commerce; 
Geography;   Industries 

Commercial  travelers 

Companions  sec  Friendship 

Compass 

Composers  sec  Musicians 
Conceit  ^ 
Concrete 
Condors 
Conduct 
Sec  also 
Manners 


Character;     Ethical     stories; 


Confectionery  see  Candy 

Confucius 

Congo  river 

Congress,  United  States  see  United  States 

— -Government 
Conjuring  see  Magic;   Tricks  and  puzzles; 

Witchcraft 
Conservation 

See  also  Forestry 
Constantine   the   Great,   emperor   of  Rome 
Constantinople 
Constitution  (ship) 
Constitution  of  the  United  States 

Sec  also  United  States — Government 


Text 

Consular  service 

Contentment 

Conundrums  see  Riddles 
Cook,  Caff.  James 
Cook  islands 
Cooking 

Sec  also   Candy;    Food;    Housekeeping 


Coons  sec  Raccoons 
Cooper,  Sir  Astley  Paston 
Cooper,  James  Fenimore 

Birthday  exercises 

Cooper,  Peter 
Copenhagen 

Copernicus 
Copper 

See  also    Brass;    Bronze;    Metals 
Copper  work 
Coral 

Corday,   Charlotte 
Corea  see  Korea 
Coriolanus 
Cork 
Cormorants 


dustries;     Manufactures;     Money;     Trade 
(s);   Transportation 


Refer  from  Business;   Drummers  (s) 

Refer  from    Magnetism;    Mariner's    com- 
pass   (s) 

Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 
Refer  from  Masonry 


Refer  from  Behavior  (s);  Character; 
Ethical  stories;  Ethics  (s);  Manners;  Suc- 
cess 


Refer  from  Africa — Description  and  trav- 
el;  Rivers 


Refer  from  Forestry;  Resources   (s) 


Refer  from  Warships 

Refer  from  Government;  United  States — 
Constitution  (s);  United  States — Govern- 
ment 

Refer  from  United  States  —  Consular 
service  (s) 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories; 
Gladness   (s) 


Refer  from    Hervey    islands    (s) 

Refer  from  Bakers  and  bakeries;  Bak- 
ing (s);  Bread;  Food;  Housekeeping; 
Meat;  Vegetables 


Refer  from     Denmark — Description     and 
travel 


Refer  from  Handicraft;  Metal  work 
Refer  from  Ocean  life 


48 


Com 

Sec  also  Grain 

Cornaro,  Caterina.  queen  of  Cyprus 

Cornell,  Ezra 

Coronado,  [Francisco  Vasquez  de] 

Coronations 

Corot,  Jean  Baptiste  Caniille 

Correggio,  Antonio  Allegri  da 

Corsica 

Cortes,  Hernando 

Corunna,  Battle  of,  1809 

Costa  Rica 

Coster,  Laurens  Janszoon 

Costume 

See  also  Arms  and  armor;  Clothing?; 
Dressmaking;  Fans;  Gloves;  Hats;  Jew- 
elry; Plays;  Shoes 

Cotton 

See  also  Calico  printing;  Cloth;  Dye- 
ing; Weaving 

Cotton  cloth  sec  Cloth 
Cotton  gin 

See  also  Whitney,  Eli 
Cotton  mills  sec  Cloth 
Cougars  sec  Panthers 
Country  life 

See  also   Camping;    Farming;    Gardens 
and   gardening;    Hunting;    Nature;   Out- 
door life;  Sports 
Courage 

See  also  Heroes  and  heroism 

Courtesy  see  Manners 

Coutts,  Angela  Georgina  Burdett-  see  Bur- 
dett-Coutts,  Angela   Georgina,  baroness 
Cowboys  see  Ranch  life 
Cows 

See  also  Butter;  Cattle;   Cheese;  Milk 

Coyotes 

Crabs 

Craddock,    Charles    Egbert,     {pseud.)     [of 

Mary   Noailles   Murfree)] 
Cranberries 
Cranes  (birds) 
Crassus,  [Marcus  Licinius] 
Crawfish 

Crecy,  Battle  of,  1346 
Crests  see  Heraldry 
Crete 
Crickets 
Crimean  war 

See  also  Light  Brigade,   Charge  of  the 

Stories 

Crocheting 

Sec  also  Knitting;   Lace 

Crockett,  David 
Crocodiles 

See  also  Alligators 


Refer  from  Farming;  Grain;  Indian  corn 
(s);  Maize  (s) 


Refer  from  Vasquez  de  Coronado,  Fran- 
cisco (s) 
Refer  from  Festivals  (s) ;  Pageants 


Refer  from  Italy — Description  and  travel 


Refer  from  Central  America 

Refer  from  Koster,  Laurens  Janszoon  (s) 

Refer  from  Art;  Clothing;  Dress  (s); 
Dressmaking;  Fancy  dress  (s);  Fans; 
Gloves;    Manners   and   customs;    Millinery 

Refer  from  Cloth 


Refer  from  Farm  life  f s) ;  Farming;  Out- 
door life 


Refer  from  Bravery  (s) ;  Character;  Eth- 
ical stories;  Heroes  and  heroism;  Valor  (s) 


Refer  from  Cattle;   Dairy   (s);   Farming; 
Milk 

Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Murfree,  Mary   Noailles   (s) 

Refer  from  Berries  (s);  Fruit 


Refer  from    Europe — History;    France — - 
History;   Russo-Turkish  war   (s) 
Refer  from  War — Stories   (s) 

Refer  from    Fancy    work    (s) ;    Knitting; 
Lace;  Needlework  (s);  Sewing 


Refer  from  Alligators;   Ocean  life;   Rep- 
tiles 


49 


Croesus,  king  of  Lydia 

Cromwell,  Oliver 

Cromwell,     Thomas,     earl     of     Essex    see 
Essex,  Thomas  Cromwell,  earl  of 

Crook,  Gen.  George 

Croquet 

Crowns 

Crows 

Crusades 

Sec  also  Children's  crusade,  1212;  Chiv- 
alry; Middle  ages;  also  lives  of  Peter  the 
Hermit;  Richard  I,  king  of  England; 
Louis  IX,  king  of  France 

Crustacea 

Crystal  palace,  London 

Crystals 

Sec  also  Minerals 

Cuba 

See  also  Spanish-American  war,  1898 

Cuban     war     see     Spanish-American     war, 

1898. 
Cuckoos 
Cumberland,  [George  Clifford,]  earl  of 

Currants 

Curtis,  George  William 

Custer,  Gen.  George  Armstrong 

Customs  see  Manners  and  customs;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Manners 
and  customs,  e.  g.  China — Manners  and 
customs 

Cuthbert,  St. 

Cutlery 

See  also  Hardware;  Knives;  Swords 

Cuttlefish 

Cuvier,  [Georges  Leopold  Chretien  Fred- 
eric  Dagobert,]   baron 

Cycling  sec  Bicycles  and  bicycling 

Cyclones  see  Storms 

Cyclopedias  sec  Encyclopedias 

Cyprus 

Cyrus  the  Great,  king  of  Persia 

Dairv  see  Butter;  Cattle;  Cheese;  Cows; 
Mi'lk 

Daisies 

Dale,   Richard 

D'Alembert,  Jean  le  Rond  sec  Alembert, 
Jean  le   Rond   d' 

Damien  [de  Veuster],  Father  [Joseph] 

Dampier,  William 
Dams 

Sec  also  Water  supply 

Dances 

Dandelions 
Dante    [Alighieri] 

D'Arblay,  Mme  Frances  (Burney)  see  Bur- 

ney,  Fanny 
D'Arc,  Jeanne  see  Joan   of  Arc 
Dark  ages  see  Middle  ages 


Refer  from  Games 


Refer  from  Children's  crusade,  1212; 
Chivalry;  Europe — History;  History;  Mid- 
dle ages 


Refer  from    London 

Refer  from  Minerals 

Refer   from    Islands;    Spanish-American 
war,   1898;  West  Indies 


Refer  from  Clifford,  George,  earl  of  Cum- 
berland (s) 


Refer  from  St.  Cuthbert  (s) 

Refer  from  Hardware;  Knives;  Manufac- 
tures; Steel 

Refer  from  Devilfish  (s);  Ocean  life;  Oc- 
topus   (s);    Squids    (s) 


Refer  from  Father  Damien   (s);   Molokai 
island 


Refer  front  Dikes;  Engineering;  Mason- 
ry;  Rivers;  Water  supply 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Folk  dances 
(s);   Games;   Parties 

Refer  from  Alighieri,    Dante    (s) 


50 


Darling,  Grace  [Horsley] 

Darwin,  Ciiarles 

David 

Davy,  5(>  Humphry 

Days  sec  April  fools'  day;  Arbor  day;  Bird 
day;  Christmas;  Easter;  Flag  day;  Hal- 
lowe'en; Holidays;  Independence  day; 
Lincoln's  birthday;  May  day;  Memorial 
day;  New  Year's  day;  St.  Patrick's  day; 
Thanksgiving  day;  Twelfth  night;  Val- 
entine's day;  Washington's  birthday; 
also  names  of  people,  subhead  Birthday 
exercises,  e.  g.  Longfellow,  Henry 
Wadsworth 

Dead  sea 

Death  valley 

Debating 

5"t'('  also  Orations 

Decatur,  Stephen 

Decius  Mus,  Publius 

Declamations  sec  Orations;  Readers  and 
speakers 

Declaration  of  independence 

See  also    American     revolution;     Inde- 
pendence day 

Text 

Decoration  day  sec  Memorial  day 

Deer 

See  also  Reindeer 

Defoe,  Daniel 

Delacroix,  Eugene 

Delaroche,  Paul 

DeLong,  George  Washington 

Demetrius  I,  kitig  of  Macedonia 

Demosthenes 

Denmark 

Description  and   travel 

Sec  also  names  of  cities,  e.  g.  Copen- 
hagen 

Dentistry 

Depew,  Chauncey   [Mitchell] 

Description  and  travel  see  Explorers; 
Travel;  Voyages;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Description  and  travel, 
e.  g.  United  States — Description  and 
travel 

Deserts 

See  also  Mirage;   Sahara  desert 

Design 

See  also  Art:  Drawing;  Lettering 

De  Soto,  Hernando  see  Soto.  Hernando  de 

Determination 

Devereux.  Robert  see  Essex,  Robert 
Devereux,   earl   of 

Devilfish  sec  Cuttlefish 

Dew 

Dewey,  Admiral  George 

Dialogues 

Sec  also  Plays;  Readers  and  speakers 

Diamonds 

Sec  also  Jewelry;  Precious  stones 

Diaz,  Porfirio 
Dickens,  Charles 


Refer  from  Bible  stories 


Refer  from  Palestine 

Refer  from     Elocution      (s) ;      Orations; 
Readers  and  speakers 
Refer  from  Philadelphia(ship) 


Refer  from    American    revolution;    Inde- 
pendence day;    United   States — History 


Refer  from  Elk  (s) 


Refer  from  Scandinavia  (s) 


Refer  from  Medicine 


Refer  from  Physical  geography 
Refer  from  Art;  Drawing;   Painting 


Refer  from  Water 


Refer  from    Drama;     Dramatic     readers; 
Plays;   Readers  and  speakers 

Refer  from  Gems  (s);  Jewelr}^  Precious 
stones 

Refer  from  Authors;  English  literature 


51 


Dictionaries 

Dido,  qiii'iii  of  Carthage 

Dikes 

Sec  also   Dams 

Diogenes 

Dion 

Dirigible  balloons  sec  Airships 

Disaster  see  Earthquakes;  Fires;  Ship- 
wrecks 

Discoveries  (in  geography)  sec  Antarctic 
regions;  Arctic  regions;  Explorers; 
Voj'ages;  also  name  of  countries,  sub- 
head Exploration,  e.  g.  Africa — Explora- 
tion 

Discoveries  (in  science) 

See  also  Inventions;  Science;  also 
names  of  various  inventions,  e.  g.  Tele- 
graph; Telephone 

Discovery  of  America  see  North  America 
— Discovery  and  settlement 

Dishonesty  see  Honesty 

Dismal  swamp,  Great 

Disobedience  sec  Obedience 

Disraeli,  Benjamin,  earl  of  Beaconsfield 
sec  Beaconsfield,  Benjamin  Disraeli, 
earl  of 

Diving 

Dix,  Dorothea  Lynde 
Doctors 

Dogs 

Stories 

Dolls 

Domestic   animals  see  Animals;    Kindness 

to   animals 
Dominoes 

Donatello,  [Donate  di  Betto  Bardi,  called] 
Donkeys 

Douglas,  Sir  James 

Douglas,  Margaret,  countess  of  Lennox 
Douglass,  Frederick 
Doves  see  Pigeons 
Dragon  flies 
Drake,  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  Joseph   Rodman 
Drama    (Page  18) 

Sec  also  Actors  and  acting;   Charades: 

Christmas— Plays;   Dialogues;    Dramatic 

readers;  Miracle  plays;  Moving  pictures; 

Pageants;     Pantomime;     Plays;     Puppet 

shows;  Tableaux 
Dramatic  readers    (Page  18) 
Sec  also  Dialogues;  Plays 

Drawing 

See  also  Blackboard  drawing;   Design; 
Mechanical   drawing 
Drawn  work 

Dresden 

Dress  ^s-fr  Clothing;  Costume;  Dressmaking 
Dressmaking 

Sec  also  Clothing;  Costume;  Sewing 

Pruids 


Refer  from  Encyclopedias 

Refer  front   Dykes   (s) ;   Engineering 


Refer  from    Baths    and    bathing;    Sports; 
Swimming 

Refer  from  Biography;   Medicine;   Physi- 
cians  (s) ;   Scientists;   Surgeons   (s) 
Refer  from  Pets;   Zoology 
Refer  from  Animals — Stories 
Refer  from  Amusements;  Toys 


Refer  from  Games 

Refer  from  Burros   (s) 

Refer  from  Black  Douglas  (s) 


Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  American 
literature;  English  literature;  Literature; 
Plays;  Theater   (s) 


Refer  from  Drama;  Literature;  Plays; 
Readers  and  speakers 

Refer  from  Art;  Design;  Manual  train- 
ing;  Painting;   Pictures 

Refer  from  Fancy  work  (s);  Needlework 
(s) ;   Sewing 


Refer  from     Clothing;     Costume;     Dress 
(s);    Industries;    Needlework    (s);   Sewing 
Refer  from  Religion 


52 


Drummers  sec  Commercial  travelers 

Dryden,  John 

Dublin 

Duckbills 
Ducks 

Sec  alsn  Poultry 
Duels  and  dueling 

Sec  also  Fencing; 

Duerer,   Albrecht  sec   Diirer,   Albrecht 
Duncan,     Admiral      [Adam     Duncan,     vis- 
count] 
Dundonald,   [Thomas  Cochrane,]    carl  of 

Du  Plessis,  Armand  Jean,  cardinal  de 
Richelieu  sec  Richelieu,  Armand  Jean  du 
Plessis,   cardinal   de 

Diirer,  Albrecht 

Dutch   Guiana  sec  Guiana 

Dwarfs 

Dyaks 

Sec  also  Borneo 
Dyeing 

Sec  also  Calico  printing;  Color;  Indigo 

Dykes  see  Dikes 
Dynamite 

Sec  also  Explosives 
Dynamos 

Sec  also  Electric  motors 

Eads,  James   Buchanan 

Eagles 

Earth 

See     also     Earthquakes;      Geography; 
Geology;    Ocean;    Physical    geography; 
Volcanoes 
Earthquakes 

Sec  also  Geology;   Physical  geography 

East  Indies 

See  also    Borneo;   Java;    Malay   penin- 
sula; Sumatra 
Easter 

Easter  island 
Eclipses 

Sec  also  Astronomy;  Moon;  Sun 
Ecuador 

Edgeworth,  Richard  Lovell 
Edinburgh 

Edison,  Thomas  A[lva] 
Education 

See  also  Books  and  reading;  Children: 
Colleges;  Manual  training;  Physical 
education;  Schools;  Teachers;  Teaching 

Edward,  the  Confessor,  Saxon  king  of  Eng- 
land 

Edward  I,  king  of  England 

Edward  III,  king  of  England 

Edward  IV,  king  of  England 

Edward  VI,  king  of  England 


Refer  from      Ireland  —  Description      and 
travel 


Refer  from  Poultry 

Refer  from  Fencing;  Manners  and  cus- 
toms 

Refer  front  Camperdown,  Adam  Duncan, 
viscount   Duncan  of   (s) 

Refer  from  Cochrane,  Thomas,  earl  of 
Dundonald  (s) 


Refer  from  Duerer,  Albrecht   (s) 

Refer  from     Man;     Pigmies     (s);     Pyg- 
mies   (s) 


Refer  from    Cloth;    Coal-tar    colors    (s); 
Cotton;   Industries;  Wool 


Refer  from  Explosives 

Refer  from    Electric    engineering;    Elec- 
tric motors;  Electricity 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Geography; 
Geology;  Nature:  Physical  geography; 
Planets;  World  (s) 

Refer  from  Disasters  (s);  Earth;  Geol- 
ogy; Physical  geography;  Volcanoes 


Refer  from    Days    (s);    Holidays;    Jesus 
Christ 


Refer  from  Astronomj';   Moon;   Sun 


Refer  from    Scotland  —  Description   and 
travel 

Refer  from   Electricity;    Inventors 

Refer     from      Boys;      Children;      Girls; 
Schools;   Teachers;   Teaching 


53 


Edward,  tlir  I^lack  Prince 

Edwards,  Amelia   Blandford 

Eels 

Eggleston,  Edward 

Eggs 

Egypt 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also   Nile  river;   Obelisks;   Pyfa- 
niids;  Sphinx;  also  names  of  cities,  e.g. 
Cairo 
Eiffel  tower 

Eldon,  [John  Scott,]  carl  of 
Electric  batteries  see  Electricity 
Electric  bells 
Electric  engineering 

Sec  also  Dynamos;  Electric  lighting; 
Electric  motors;  Electric  power  trans- 
mission; Electric  railroads;  Electricity; 
Telautograph;  Telegraph;  Telephone; 
Wireless  telegraphy 


Electric  furnaces 

Electric  launches  se( 
Electric  lighting 


Motor  boats 


Electric  motors 

Sec    also     Dynamos; 
transmission 


Electric     power 


Electric  power  transmission 

Electric  railroads 

Sec  also  Street  railroads 

Electric  toys 

Electricity 

Sec  also  Dynamos;  Edison,  Thomas 
Alva;  Induction  coils;  Magnetism; 
Physics;  Telegraph:  Telephone;  Wire- 
less telegraphy;  X  rays;  also  headings 
beginning  with  Electric 

Elephants 

Sec  also  Mammoths 

Eliot,  George,  pseud. 

Eliot,  John,  apostle  of  the  Indians 

Eliot,  Sir  John 

Elizabeth  of  Hungary,  St. 

Elizabeth,  queen  of  England 

Elk  see  Deer 

Elm  trees 

Elocution  sec  Debating;  Orations;  Readers 
and  speakers 

Embroidery 
See  also  Sewing 

Emergencies    see    Accidents;    First    aid    in 

illness  and  injury 
Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo 

Birthday  exercises 

Emmet,  Robert 
Encyclopedias 

See  also  Dictionaries 


Refer  from   (The)    Black   I'rince   (s) 
Refer  from  Fish 

Refer  from  Birds;  Birds'  eggs  (s);  Fond; 
Poultry 

Refer  from  Africa  —  Description  and 
travel 


Refer  from  Scott,  John,  earl  of  Eldon  (s) 


Refer  from  Engineering;   Industries 


Refer  from  Heat;   Heating 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Light- 
ing 

Refer  from  Dynamos;  Electric  engineer- 
ing; Engines;  Machinery;  Mechanics;  Mo- 
tors (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Elec- 
tric motors 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Rail- 
roads; Street  railroads;  Transportation 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Mechanical 
toys  (s);  Mechanics;  Toys 

Refer  from  Batteries  (s);  Electric  bat- 
teries (s);  Electric  engineering;  Galva- 
nism (s) ;  Magnetism;  Physics;  Science; 
X   rays 


Refer  from  Mammoths 


Refer  from  St.  Elizabeth  of  Hungary  (s) 


Refer  from  Art;  Fancy  work  (s);  Handi- 
craft;  Needlework  (s);  Sewing 


Refer  from  Cyclopedias  (s) 


54 


Engineering 

See  also  Aqueducts;  Architecture; 
Bridges;  Canals;  Dams;  Dikes;  Electric 
engineering-;  Engines;  Harbors;  Machin- 
ery; Masonry;  Mechanical  drawing;  Me- 
chanics; Mines  and  mining;  Railroads; 
Rivers;  Roads;  Steam  engines;  Survey- 
ing; Tunnels;  Water  supply 
Engines 

See  also  Electric  Motors;  Fire  engines; 
Gas  engines;   Locomotives;  Pumps;  So- 
lar engines;  Steam  engines;  Turbines 
England 

Colonies 

See  also  Africa,  South;  Australia; 
Canada;   India 

■ Description  and  travel 

Sec  also  Hampton  court;  also  names 
of  cities,  e.  g.  London,  Stratford-on- 
Avon 


Refer  from  Building  (s);  Civil  engineer- 
ing (s);  Industries;  Mechanics;  Railroads; 
Roads;  Surveying;  Tunnels 


Refer  from   Engineering;    Machinery 


Refer  from  Great   Britain    (s) 


History 

See  also  Anglo-Saxons;  Magna 
charta;  Gunpowder  plot;  Spanish  ar- 
mada, 1588;  also  names  of  rulers,  e.  g. 
Alfred  the  Great,  king  of  England,  and 
names  of  wars  and  battles,  e.  g.  Agin- 
court,   Battle  of,   1415 

— — Navy 

Parliament 

English  literature 

See  also  American  literature;  Authors; 
Ballads;  Books  and  reading:  Drama; 
Fairy  tales;  Humor;  Letters  —  Collec- 
tions; Orations;  Poetry;  Poets;  Readers 
and  speakers;  also  names  of  authors,  e.  g. 
Dickens,  Charles 

Entertainments  see  Amusements 

Enthusiasm 

Epaminondas 

Ericsson,  John 

Erie  canal 

Erie,  Lake,  Battle  of,  1813 

Erskine,  Thomas,  lord 
Escapes  see  Adventure 
Escorial 

Eskimos 

Sec  also  Alaska;  Arctic  regions;  Green- 
land; Labrador 
Esop  see  /Esop 

Essex,  [Robert  Devereux,]  earl  of 
Essex,  [Thomas  Cromwell,]  earl  of 

Etching 

Etheredge,  Anna 

Ethical   stories     (Page    15) 

See  also  Ambition;  Boasting;  Charac- 
ter; Cheerfulness;  Conceit;  Conduct; 
Contentment;  Courage;  Faith;  Grati- 
tude; Greedincis;  Helpfulness;  Heroes 
and  heroism;  Honesty;  Hope;  Ideals; 
Idleness;    Industry;    Justice;    Kindness; 


Refer  from  Anglo-Saxons;  History;  Nor- 
man conquest  (s);  Spanish  armada,  1588 


Refer  from  Parliament — England  (s) 

Refer  from  American  literature;  Authors; 
Literature;    Literature — English    (s) 


Refer  from  Canals 

Refer  from    Lake    Erie,    Battle    of    (s); 
Naval  battles;  War  of  1812 


Refer      from      Spain — Description      and 
travel 

Refer  from  Alaska;  Arctic   regions;    In- 
dians of  America 

Refer  from  Devereux,  Robert  (s) 
Refer  from    Cromwell,    Thomas,    earl    of 
Essex  (s) 
Refer  from  Art;  Pictures. 


Refer  from    Character;    Conduct;    Moral 
stories   (s);   Stories   (s) 


55 


Ethical  stories — Continued 

'  Obedience;  Orderliness;  Patience;  Per- 
severance; Pride;  I'romptness;  Self- 
control;  Selfishness;  Service;  Temper- 
ance; Thoroughness;  Thoughtfulness; 
Truthfulness;  Unselfishness;   Usefulness 

Ethics  sec  Character;  Conduct 

Etiquette  sec  Manners 

Etna,  Mount 

Eugenie,  empress  of  the  French 

Eumenes 

Europe 

Biography 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also  names  of  European  countries, 
subhead  Description  ancl  travel,  e.  g. 
France — Description  and  travel 

History 

Sec  also  Middle  ages;  Thirty  years' 
war,  1618-48;  Crimean  war;  Crusades; 
Reformation 

Manners  and  customs 

Sec  also  names  of  European  coun- 
tries, subhead  Manners  and  customs, 
e.  g.  France — Manners  and  customs 

Evans,  Robley  Dunglison 

Evaporation 

Everglades 

Evergreens  sec  Fir  trees;  Pine  trees;  Trees 

Evolution 

See  also  Man — Prehistoric 

Ewing,  Mrs  Juliana  Horatia  (Gatty) 
Exercise  see  Athletics;  Physical  education; 

Running;   Walking 
Exhibitions  see  Fairs;  Museums 
Experiments     sec     Scientific      recreations; 

Magic 
Exploration  ,yfc  Africa — Exploration;  Aus- 
tralia—  Exploration;    Explorers;    North 
America — Discovery  and  settlement 
Explorers    (Page  22) 

See  also  Africa — Exploration;  Austra- 
lia-— Exploration;  Geography;  Lewis  and 
Clark  expedition;  Travel;  United  States 
— Exploration;  Voyages;  also  names  of 
explorers,  e.  g.  Columbus,  Christopher 

Explosives 

Sec  also   Dynamite;   Torpedoes 

Exports  see  Commerce 

Extinct  animals  see  Animals — Extinct 

Eyck,  Hubert  van 

Eye 

Fabius  Maximus  Verrucosus,   [Quintus] 

Fables  (Page  13) 

See  also  Fairy  tales 


Fabricius   Luscinus,    [Cains] 
Fairies  see  Fairy  tales 
Fairs 

See  also  Bazaars;  Nijni  Novgorod 


Refer   from    ^tna.    Mount    (s) ;    Moun- 
tains;  Volcanoes 


Refer  from  Feudal  system 
Refer  from   Biography 


Refer  from  Thirty'  years'  war,  1618-48 


Refer  from  Physics;  Vapor  (s) 


Refer  from  Geology;  Man;  Man — Prehis- 
toric; Science;  Zoology 


56 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Antarctic  regions; 
Arctic  regions;  Biography;  Description 
and  travel  (s);  Discoveries  (in  geogra- 
phy) (s);  Exploration  (s);  Geography; 
Heroes  and  heroism;  Scientists;  Travel; 
Voyages 

Refer  from  Dynamite;  Manufactures; 
Mines  and  mining 


Refer  from  Van  Eyck,  Hubert  (s) 


Refer  from  Animal  lore  (s);  Animals — 
Stories;  Fairy  tales;  Legends;  Literature; 
Stories    (s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Bazaars;  Com- 
merce; Exhibitions  (s);  Festivals  (s);  Mar- 
kets; Pageants 


Fairy   tales    (Page    11) 

Sec  also  Fables;  Legends;  Myths 


Faith 
Falconry 

Fall  sec  Autumn 

Fancy  dress  sec  Costume 

Fancy    work    sec    Beadwork;    Crocheting; 

Drawn     work;     Embroidery;     Knitting; 

Lace;  Sewing 
Faneuil,  Peter 
Fans 

See  also   Costume 
Faraday,  Michael 
Farm  animals  see  Animals 
Farm  life  sec  Country  life 

Farming 

See  also  Bees;  Butter;  Cattle;  Cheese; 
Corn;  Country  life;  Cows;  Flax;  Fruit; 
Gardens  and  gardening;  Grain;  Horses; 
Milk;  Pigs;  Plants;  Poultry;  Ranch 
life;  Rice;  Seeds;  Sheep;  Soils;  Sugar; 
Tobacco;   Vegetables;  ^Vheat 

Faroe  islands 

Farragut,  Admiral  [David  Glasgow] 

Father    Damien    see    Damien    de    Veuster, 

Father  Joseph 
Feejee  islands  see  Fiji  islands 
Fencing 

See  also  Duels  and  dueling 

Ferdinand  V,  king  of  Castile  and  Amgon 

Ferdinand  of  Portugal 

Ferguson,  James 

Ferns 

Festivals  see  Coronations;  Fairs;  Holi- 
days; Mardi  Gras;  Pageants;  also  the 
names  of  special  days,  e.  g.  Thanks- 
giving day 

Feudal  system 

See  also  Chivalry;  Civilization;  Eu- 
rope;   History;   Middle  ages 

Field,   Cyrus  West 

Field,  Eugene 

Field,  Marshall 

Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold 

Fighting  see  Battles;  Bullfights;  Naval 
battles;   War 

Fiji  islands 

Fillmore,  Millard 

Finance  see  Banks  and  banking;  Money 

Find  see  Finn 

Fine  arts  see  Art 

Finland 

Finn 

Fionn  Maccumhail  see  Finn 

Fir  trees 

Fire 

Sec  also     Fire     service;     Fires;     Heat; 
Heating 
Fire  engines 


Refer  from     English    literature;     Fables; 
Fairies   (s);   Legends;   Literature;   Myths; 
Stories  (s) 
Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 
Refer  from   Birds;   Hawking    (s) ;    Hunt- 
ing; Sports 


Refer  from  Costume 


Refer  from  Agriculture  (s);  Country  life; 
Gardens  and  gardening;   Industries;   Soils 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Athletics;  Duels 
and  dueling;  Sports;  Swords 


Refer  from  Plants 


Refer  from         Chivalry;         Government; 
Knighthood  (s);  Middle  ages;  Vassals  (s) 


Refer  from  Feejee  islands  (s) 


Refer  from  Find   (s);  Fionn  Maccumhail 


(s) 


57 


Refer  from   Evergreens    (s) 

Refer  from   Heat 

Refer  from   Engines;   Fires 


Fire  service 

Sec  also  Fires 

Firearms  see  Guns 

Fireflies 

Fires 

Sec  also  Fire  engines;  Fire  service 

Fireworks 

First  aid  in  illness  and  injury 
See  also  Accidents 

Fish 

See  also    Aquariums;    Fishing;    Ocean 
life;  also  names  of  fishes,  e.  g.  Eels 
Fishing 

Sec  also  Whales  and  whaling 


Fiske,  John 
Flag  day 
Flags 


Flamingoes 

Flamininus,   [Titus   Quintus] 

Flax 

See  also  Linen 

Flaxman,  John 

Fleets  see  Ships;  Warships 

Flies 

Flodden,  Battle  of,  1513 

Florence 

Florida 

Flour 

Sec  also  Bread;  Grain;  Wheat 

Flowers    (Page  18) 

See  also  Botany;  Buds;  Gardens  and 
gardening;  Leaves;  Plants;  Roots;  Wax 
flowers;  also  names  of  flowers,  e.  g.  As- 
ters,  Gentians 

Arrangement 

Language  of 

Poetry 

Stories 

Flowers   (artificial)  sec  Paper  work;  Wax 
flowers 

Fluids  see  Liquids 

Fly  sec  Flies 

Flying 

See  also  Airships;  Aeroplanes;  Bal- 
loons;  Birds;   Kites 

Flying  Dutchman 

Flying  machines  sec  Airships;  Aeroplanes 

Folk  dances  sec   Dances 

Folk  songs    (Page  16) 

See  also  Ballads:   Songs 


Folklore  sec  Ballads;  Beowulf;  (The)  Cid: 
Gawain,  Sir;  Guy  of  Warwick;  Havelok 
the  Dane;  Holy  grail;  Kalevala;  King 
Horn;  Lancelot  of  the  lake;  Legends; 
Manners  and  customs;  Merlin;  Negroes 
— Stories;    Nursery    rhymes;    Proverbs; 


Refer    from    Fire;    Fires;    Heroes    and 
heroism;  Life-saving 


Refer  from  Disasters  (s);  Fire;  Fire 
service 

Refer  from  Amusements 

Refer  from  Emergencies  (s);  Injuries 
(s) 

Refer  from  Animals;  Ocean  life;  United 
States — Fisheries   bureau   (s);   Zoology 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Fish;  Hunting; 
Industries;  Outdoor  life;  Sports;  United 
States — Fisheries  bureau   (s) 

Refer  from  Days  (s);  Holidays 

Refer  from    American    flag    (s);    Armies 

(s) ;    Banners    (s) ;    Heraldry;    Patriotism; 

Signals 


Refer  from   Farming;   Linen 

Refer  from  Fly   (s) ;   Insects 

Refer  from  (The)   South 

Refer  from  Bread;  Manufactures;  Wheat 

Refer  from  Botany;  Buds;  Bulbs;  Gar- 
dens and  gardening;  Leaves;  Nature; 
Plants;  Wild  flowers  (s) 

Refer  from  House  decoration 
Refer  from  Stories  (s) 


Refer  from  Birds 


Refer  from    Ballads;    Legends;    National 
songs    (s);   Songs 


(Page  12) 


58 


Folklore — Continued 

Robin    Hood;     Roland;    Tell,    William; 
Wandering  Jew;  Wayland  the  Smith 

For  folklore  of  special  country  sec 
name  of  country,  subhead  Folklore,  e.  g. 
Japan — Folklore 

Food 

Sec  also  Bakers  and  bakeries;  Cook- 
ing; Markets;  Vegetables;  also  names  of 
foods,  e.  g.  Bread,  Eggs,  Oysters 

Football 

Forestry 

Sec  also  Arbor  day;  Conservation; 
Lumbering;   Trees;   Wood 

Forging  sec  Blacksmithing 

Formosa  island 

Forrest,  Gen.  Nathan  Bedford 

Fossils 

Sec  also  Animals — Extinct;  Geology; 
Mammoths  v 

Fouque,  baron  de  la  Motte-  see  La  Motte- 
Fouque,  Friedrich  Heinrich  Karl,  baron 
de 

Fourth  of  July  sec  Independence  day 

Foxes 

Foxfire 

Fra  Angelico  sec  Angelico,   Fra  Giovanni 

Franc  e — Army 

Description  and  travel 


See  also 
-History 

Sec  also 
Basques; 
man  war, 
war, 
Gauls 


Brittany;   Paris 


Agincourt,  Battle  of,  1415; 
Crimean  war;  Franco-Ger- 
1870-71;  French  and  Indian 

1755-63;       French       revolution; 

Huguenots;  Joan  of  Arc;  Pen- 


insular war,  1807-14;  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's day,  Mcdsacre  of;  Seven  years' 
war,  1756-63;  Spanish  succession,  War 
of,  1701-14:  Waterloo,  Battle  of,  1815 
Manners  and  customs 

Navy 

Francis  of  Assisi,  St. 

Francisco  Xavier,  St. 

Franco-German  war,   1870-71 

See  also  France — History 

Frankfort 

Franklin,  Benjamin 

Franklin,  Sir  John 

Frederick  the  Great,  Icing  of  Prussia 

Frederick  I  (Barbarossa),  emperor  of  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire 

Frederick  II,  emperor  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire 

Frederick  II,  king  of  Prussia  sec  Fred- 
erick the  Great,  king  of  Prussia 

Freeman,  Mrs.  Mary  Eleanor  (Wilkins) 
see  Wilkins,   Mary   Eleanor 


Refer  from  Cooking;  Housekeeping; 
Hygiene 

Refer  from  Athletics;  Ball  (s);  Games; 
Sports 

Refer  from  Arbor  day;  Conservation; 
Lumbering;  Timber  (s);  Trees;  United 
States — Forest  service    (s) 


Refer  from  Animals — Extinct;  Botany; 
Geology;  Mammoths;  Natural  history; 
Zoology 


Refer  from  Furs 

Refer  from  Phosphorescence 

Refer  from  Armies  (s) 


Refer  from  Franco-German  war,  1870-71; 
French  revolution;  Gauls 


Refer  from  Europe — Manners  and  cus- 
toms 

Refer  from  Navies   (s) 

Refer  from  Assisi,  Francis  of,  St.  (s) ;  St. 
Francis  of  Assisi    (s) 

Refer  from  St.  Xavier  (s);  Xavier,  St. 
Francis   (s) 

Refer  from  France — History;  Germany — 
History;  War 


Refer  from   Frederick   II,  king  of  Prus- 
sia (s) 
Refer  from  Barbarossa,  Frederick  (s) 


59 


Fremont,  Gen.  John  Charles 

French  Academy 

French  and  Indian  war,  1755-63 

Sec  also  Colonial  period,  United  States; 
Louisburgh;  Pontiac,  chief  of  the  Otta- 
was;  Seven  years'  war,  1756-03 

French  books 

Note:     Used  for  books  in   the   l-rench   lan- 
guage. 
French  Guiana  sec  Guiana 
French  revolution 

See  also  France — History;  Napoleon  I, 
emperor  of  the  French 
Fretwork 

Sec  also  Wood  carving;   Ironwork 

Fridthjof  sec  Frithjof 

Friendly  islands 

Friends,  Society  of  see  Quakers 

Friendship 

Frithjof    (Page  11) 

Frobel,   Friedrich  see  Froebel,   Friedrich 

Frobisher,  Sir  Martin 

Froebel,  Friedrich 

Frogs 

Froissart,  Jean 

Frontier  life    (Page  22) 

Sec  also  Colonial  period.  United  States; 
Ranch  life;    (The)   West 

Frost 

Sec  also  Ice;  Snow;  Winter 
Fruit 

Sec  also  names  of  fruits,  e.  g.  Apples, 
Cranberries 
Fry,  Mrs.  Elizabeth   (Gurney) 
Fuel    see    Coal;     Gas;     Peat;     Petroleum; 

Wood 
Fuller,      Margaret,      [afterward      tnarchesa 

d'Ossoli] 
Fulton,  Robert 
Fungi 

Sec  also  Galls  (Botany);  Mushrooms 

Furniture 

See  also   Bamboo;   Chairs 


Furs 

See  also  Hudson  Bay  company;  Trap- 
ping; also  names  of  fur-bearing  animals, 
e.  g.   Seals   (animals).  Foxes 

Gainsborough,  Thomas 

Galba,  emperor  of  Rome 

Galileo 

Gallatin,  Albert 

Galls  (botany) 

Galvanism  see  Electricity 

Gama,  \'asco  da 

Gambetta,  [Leon  I^Iichel] 

Games    (Page  17) 

See  also  Amusements;  Archery;  Ath- 
letics;  Baseball;    Basket-ball;    Checkers; 


Refer  from  Colonial  period,  United 
States;  France — History;  Indians  of 
America;  Pennsylvania;  United  States — 
Historj- — French  and  Indian  war   (s) 


Refer    from     France — History;     Napoleon 
I,  emperor  of  the  French 

Refer  from  House  decoration;  Ironwork; 
Wood  carving 


Refer  from  Companions  (s) 
Refer  from  Fridthjof  (s) ;  Sagas 


Refer  from   Frobel,   Friedrich    (s) 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Border  life  (s) ; 
Indians  of  America;  Pioneer  life  (s); 
Pioneers  (s) ;  Ranch  life;  (The)  West 

Refer  from  Geology;  Water 

Refer  from  Berries  (s);  Botany;  Farm- 
ing; Gardens  and  gardening;  Plants;  Trees 


Refer  from  Steamboats 

Refer  from  Mold  (s) ;  Mould  (s) ;  Mush- 
rooms; Plants 

Refer  from  Art;  Cabinet  work  (s); 
Chairs:  House  decoration;  Housekeeping; 
Manufactures;  Wood  carving 

Refer  from   Clothing;  Trapping 


Refer  from  Fungi;  Plants 
Refer  from  Vasco  da  Gama   (s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Occupations  for 
children;  Olympic  games;  Physical  educa- 


60 


Games — Continued 

Croquet;  Dances;  Dominoes;  Football; 
Golf;  Hockey;  Kindergarten — Games 
and  songs;  Marbles  (game);  Occupa- 
tions for  children;  Olympic  games; 
Physical  education;  Sports;  Tennis; 
Toys;  War  games 

Gardens  and  gardening 

See  also  Farming;  Flowers;  Fruit; 
Plants;  School  gardens;  Seeds;  Vegeta- 
bles; Weeds 

Garfield,  James  A[bram] 
Garibaldi,  [Gen.  Giuseppe] 
Garrison,  William  Lloyd 
Gas 

See  also  Chemistry;  Gac  engines; 
Gases;   Natural  gas;   petroleum 

Gas  engines 
Gases 

Sec  also  Air;  Airships;  Balloons;  Chem- 
istry;    Gas;     Liquid    air;     Natural    gas; 
Nitrogen 
Gassendi,  Pierre 
Gauls 

Sec  also  France — History;  Rome,  An- 
cient 

Gawain,  Sir 
Geese 

See  also  Poultry 
Gelee,  Claude  see  Claude  Lorrain 
Gellee,  Claude  sec  Claude  Lorrain 
Gems     sec     Diamonds;     Jewelry;     Pearls; 

Precious  stones 
Geneva,  Switzerland 

Genghis  Khan  sec  Jenghis  Khan 

Genoa 

Gentians 

Geography    (Page  23) 

Sec  also  Antarctic  regions;  Arctic  re- 
gions; Earth;  Explorers;  Industries; 
Islands;  Physical  geography;  Travel; 
Tropics;  Voj'ages;  also  names  of  places, 
subhead  Geography,  e.  g.  Pennsylvania 
— Geography 

Physical  see  Physical  geography 

Readers    (Page  23) 

Geology 

See  also  Chalk;  Coal;  Earth;  Earth- 
quakes; Evolution;  Fossils;  Frost;  Gey- 
sers; Glaciers;  Granite;  Graphite;  Man 
— Prehistoric;  Marble;  Metals;  Miner- 
als; Mines  and  mining;  Mountains;  Nat- 
ural gas;  Peat;  Petroleum;  Physical 
geography;  Rocks:  Salt;  Soils;  Springs; 
Stone;  Volcanoes 

George,  St. 

George  III,  king  of  England 


tion;    Play    (s);    Plays;    Recreations    (s); 
Sports;  Toys 


Refer  from  Botany;  Country  life;  Farm- 
ing; Flowers;  Plants;  School  gardens; 
Soils;  \egetables 


Refer  from    Fuel     (s);     Gases;     Heating; 
Lighting;    Natural  gas;    Petroleum 

Refer  from  Engines;   Gas 

Refer  from  Chemistry;   Gas;  Physics 


Refer  from  France — History;  Rome,  An- 
cient 

Refer  from  Folklore  (s) ;  Legends 

Refer  from  Goose  (s);  Poultry 


Refer  from  Switzerland — Description  and 
travel 


Refer  from  Flowers;  Plants 


Refer  from  Earth;  Explorers;  Commer- 
cial geography  (s);  Physical  geography; 
Science;  Voyages  • 


Refer  from  Readers  and  speakers 


Refer  from  Coal;  Earth;  Earthquakes; 
Fossils;  Man — Prehistoric;  Minerals; 
Mines  and  mining;  Mountains;  Natural 
history;  Physical  geography;  Rocks;  Sci- 
ence; Stone;  Volcanoes 


Refer  from  St.  George  (s) 


61 


Georgia 
Geraniums 
German  books 

Note:     Used  for  books  in   the  German  lan- 
guage. 
Germany 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also    Black    Forest;    Hafz    moun- 
tains; also  names  of  cities,  e.  g.  Berlin 

^Folklore 

See  also  Siegfried 

History 

Sec  also    Franco-German    war,    1870- 
71;    Goths;    Hanseatic    league;    Refor- 
mation;   Spanish    succession,    War   of, 
1701-14;  Thirty  years'  war,  1618-48 
Germs 

Gettysburg,  Battle  of,  1863 

Sec  also  Civil  war,  United  States 
Gettysburg  address 
Geysers 

Sec  also  Springs 

Ghost  stories 
Giant's  causeway 

Gibbon,  Edward 

Gibraltar 

Gibson,  William  Hamilton 

Gilbert,  Sir  Humphrey 

Ginger  sec  Spices 

Giotto,   [Angiolotto  Bondone] 

Giotto's  campanile  see  Campanile  of  Giotto 

Giraffes 

Girard,  Stephen 

Girls 

Sec  also     Children;     Education;     Girls' 
clubs; ,  Queens;   Women — Biography 
Girls'  clubs 
Glaciers 

Sec  also  Ice;  Icebergs;  Physical  geog- 
raphy 
Gladness  see  Cheerfulness;  Contentment 
Glasgow 
Glass 
Gloves 

See  also  Costume 
Gluck,   Christoph  Willibald  von 
Goats 

Godfrey  de  Bouillon' 
Goethe,  Johann  Woll-^ang  von 

Gold 

See  also    Coins;    Jewelry;    Mines    and 
mining;  Money 
Golden  fleece  see  Argonauts 
Goldenrod 
Goldfinches 
Goldsmith,  Oliver 
Golf 

Goodyear,  Charles 
Goose  see  Geese 
Gordon,  Gen.  Charles  George 


Refer  from  (The)   South 


Refer  from    Goths;    Thirty    years'  war, 
1618-48 


Refer  from  Bacteria  (s);  Hygiene;  Mi- 
crobes (s) 

Refer  from  Civil  war,  United  States 
Refer  from  Lincoln,  Abraham 

Refer  from  Geology;  Physical  geogra- 
phy; Springs;  Water 

Refer  from  Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Ireland  —  Description  and 
travel 

Refer  from  Spain — Description  and  travel 


Refer  from    Bondone,    Giotto   Angiolotto 


(s) 


Refer  from  Biography;  Children;  Women 
— Biography 

Refer  from   Clubs;   Girls 

Refer  from  Geology;  Ice;  Icebergs;  Phys- 
ical geography 


Refer  from  Manufactures 
Refer  from    Clothing;    Costume 


Refer  from  Bouillon,  Godfrey  de   (s) 
Refer    from    Gothe,    Johann    Wolfgang 
von  (s) 

Refer  from  Metals;   Mines  and  mining 


Refer  from  Games;  Sports 


62 


Gorillas  sec  Apes 

Gothe,  Johann   Wolfgang  von  scc  Goethe, 
Johann  Wolfgang  von 

Goths 

Sec  also  Alaric,  king  of  the  Visigoths; 
Germany — History;  Theodoric  the  Great, 
king  of  the  Ostrogoths 

Gould,  Jay 

Government 

Sec  also  Citizenship;  Civic  readers;  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States;  Feudal 
system;  Law;  Money;  Patriotism;  Slav- 
ery; Statesmen;  Taxation;  Voting;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Govern- 
ment, e.g.  United  States — Government 

Government  service 

Sec  also  United  States — Government 

(The)  Gracchi 

Graham,  James,  marquis   of  Montrose  see 
Montrose,  James  Graham,  marquis  of 

Grail  sec  Holy  grail 

Grain 

Sec  also  Corn;   Rice;   Wheat 

Grand  canon  of  the  Colorado  sec  Colorado 

river 
Granite 

Sec  also  Rocks;   Stone 

Grant,  Gen.  Ulysses  S[impson] 

Graphophone  sec  Phonograph 

Graphite 

Grasses 

Grasshoppers 

Sec  also  Cicadas  (commonly  called  lo- 
custs);  Locusts 

Gratitude 

Gravitation 

Sec  also  Astronomy;  Physics 

Great  Britain  sec  England 

Great  charter  sec  Magna  charta 

Great  Lakes 

Great  wall  of  China  sec  Wall  of  China 

Greece,  Ancient 

See  also  Athens;  Macedonia;  Olympic 
games;  Retreat  of  the  ten  thousand;  also 
names  of  battles  and  persons,  e.  g.  Mar- 
athon, Battle  of  490  B.  C.  and  Pericles, 
Lysander,  Agamemnon 

Greece,  Modern 

Greediness 

Greek  literature — Collections 

Greek    mythology   sec    Myths — Greek    and 

Roman 
Greeley,  Horace 
Greely,  Adolphus   Washington 
Greene,  Gen.  Nathaniel 
Greenland 

Grenville,  Sir  Richard 
Grettir  the  Strong  (Page  11) 
Grey,  Lady  Jane 
Grey,  Lady  Katharine 
Grimm,  Jakob  Ludwig 
Grimm,  Wilhelm  Karl 


Refer  from  Germany — History 


Refer  front  Citizenship;  Civil  government 
(s);   History;   Law;   Politics   (s) 


Refer  from  Cereals   (s);  Corn;   Farming; 
Flour;  Wheat 


Refer  from  Geology;  Minerals;  Quarries 
(s);  Rocks;  Stone 


Refer  from  Geology 

Refer  from   Locusts 

Refer  from    Character;    Ethical    stories 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Physics 

Refer  front  Lakes 


Refer  from  Athens;  Marathon,  Battle  of, 
490  B.  C;  Trojan  war 


Refer  from  Character;   Ethical   stories 
Refer  from    Classical   literature    (s);    Lit- 
erature— Greek  (s) 


Refer  from  Arctic  regions:   Eskimos 
Refer  from  Sagas 


63 


Grotius,  Hugo 

Ground  hogs  sec  Woodchucks 

Guatemala 

Gudrun 

Guess,   George,   Indian   name   Sequoyah 

Guiana 

Guide  Reni 

Guise,  [Henrj'    I,  de  Lorraine,]  duke  of 

Gulf  of  Mexico 
Gulf  stream 
Gulls 

Gunpowder  plot 
Guns 

See  also  Arms  and  armor;  Weapons 


Gustavus   I,    [or    Gustavus   Vasa,]    king   of 

Szi'cdcn 
Gustavus  II,    [Adolphus,]    king   of  Sweden 
Gutenberg,  Johannes 
Gutta-percha  sec  Rubber 
Guy  of  Lusignan,  king  of  Jerusalem 
Guy  of  Warwick 
Gymnasiums 

See  also  Athletics;    Physical   education 
Gymnastics  see  Physical   education 
Gyroscope 
Haendel,     Georg     Friedrich     sec     Handel, 

Georg  Friedrich 
(The)  Hague 

Haiti  see  Hayti 

Hale,  Edward  Everett 

Hale,  Nathan 

Hall  of  fame.  New  York 

Halleck,  Fritz-Greene 

Hallowe'en 

Hamilton,   Alexander 

Hammocks 

Hampden,  John 

Hampton  court 

Hancock,  Mrs    Dorothy  (Quincj-) 

Hancock,  Gen.  Winfield  Scott 

Handel,   Georg  Friedrich 

Handicraft    (Page  19) 

See  also  Baskets;  Beadwork;  Book- 
binding; Clay  modeling;  Copper  work; 
Embroider}';  Ironwork;  Jewelrj';  Lace; 
Leather  work;  Manual  training;  Metal 
work;  Occupations  for  children;  Paper 
work;  Pyrograph}^;  Raffia  work;  Rugs; 
Sewing;  Stencil  work;  Tools;  Toys; 
Weaving;  Wood  carving 

Handwriting  see  Writing 

Hannibal 

Hanseatic  league 


Harbors 

See  also  Buoys;  Pilots  and  piloting 


Refer  from  Central  America 

Refer  from  Legends 

Refer  from  Sequoyah   (s) 

Refer  from  British  Guiana  (s);  Dutch 
Guiana   (s);  French  Guiana   (s) 

Refer  from  Reni,  Guido  (s) 

Refer  from  Lorraine,  Henry  I  de,  duke  of 
Guise  (s) 

Refer  from  Ocean 

Refer  from  England — History 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Artillery 
(s) ;  Cannon  (s);  Firearms  (s);  Hunting; 
Ordnance  (s);  Shooting  (s);  Shotguns 
(.s);  Weapons 


Refer  from  Lusignan,  Guy  of  (s) 
Refer  from  Folklore  (s) ;  Legends 


Refer  from  Physics 


Refer  from  Netherlands — Description  and 
travel 


Refer  from  Patriotism 

Refer  from  Days  (s)  ;  Holidays 


Refer  from     England  —  Description     and 
travel 


Refer  from  Haendel,  Georg  Friedrich  (s) 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Art;  Arts,  Use- 
ful (s);  Arts  and  crafts  (s);  Industries; 
Mechanics;  Metal  work;  Occupations  for 
children;  Pyrography;  Useful  arts  (s); 
Wood  carving 


Refer    from     Cities;     Commerce; 
many — History;   Middle  ages 


Ger- 


Refer  from       Commerce; 
Ports   (s);   Transportation 


Engineering; 


64 


Hardware 

Sec  also  Cutlery;  Knives;  Locks;  Metal 

work 
Hares  sec  Rabbits 
Harold  II,  king  of  Enyland 
Harold    III,    suniamcd    Hardrada,    Icing    of 

Norzi'ay 
Harold  Hardrada  sec  Harold  111,  surnanicd 

Hardrada,    king    of    Norway 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  caliph   of  Bagdad 
Harris,  Joel  Chandler 

Harrison,   Benjamin 
Harrison,  Gen.  William  Henry 
Harte,  Bret 
Harvard  University 
Harz  mountains 

Hasting,  Sca>idinaz-ia)i  viking 
Hastings,  John,  earl  of  Pembroke  sec  Pem- 
broke, John  Hastings,  earl  of 
Hastings,  Battle  of,  1066 
Hats 

Sec  also  Millinery 

Hatto  II 

Havana 

Havelock,  Sir  Henry 

Havelok  the  Dane 

Haw^aiian  islands 

Hawking  see  Falconry 

Hawks 

Hawthorne,   Nathaniel 

Birthday  exercises 

Haydn,  Franz  Joseph 

Hayes,   Rutherford  B[irchard] 

Hayti 

Health  sec  Hygiene 

Heat 

See  also  Electric  furnaces;  Fire;  Heat- 
ing; Physics;  Solar  engines;  Sun;  Ther- 
mometer 

Heating 

See  also  Chimneys;  Coal;  Electric  fur- 
naces; Gas;  Heat;  Peat;  I'etroleum; 
Steam;  Stoves;  Wood 

Hebrews  see  Jews 

Hebrides 

Hedgehogs 

Hedin,  Sven 

Heidelberg 

Heine,  Heinrich 

Helena,  St. 

Heligoland 

Helpfulness 

Hennepin,  Louis 

Henry  IV,  king  of  England 

Henry  V,  king  of  England 

Henry  VI,  ki}ig  of  England 

Henry  VII,  king  of  England 

Henry  VIII,  king  of  England 

Henry  IV,  king  of  France  and  Xavarrc 

Henry  I,  king  of  Germany 


Refer  from  Cutlery 


Refer  from  Harold  Hardrada  (s) 


Refer  from    Remus,     Uncle,     pseud,     (s); 
Uncle  Remus,  pseud,  (s) 


Refer  from   Colleges 

Refer   from    Germany^Description    and 
travel 


Refer  from  Norman  conquest  (s) 

Refer  from    Clothing;     Costume;     Manu- 
factures; Millinery 


Refer  from  Folklore  (s);  Legends 
Refer  from  Sandwich  islands   (s) 


Refer  from   Haiti    (s) ;   West   Indies 
Refer  from   Fire;   Heating;    Physics 


Refer  from     Architecture;     Fire;     Heat; 
Steam;  Stoves 


Refer  from,  St.  Helena  (s) ;  Saints 
Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Henry  of  Navarre   (s) 


65 


Henry  of  Navarre  sec  Henry  IV,  king  of 
France  and  Navarre 

Henry,   Patrick 

Hens  see  Chickens;   Poultry 

Hepaticas  , 

Heraldry 

Sec  also  Arms  and  armor;  Chivalry; 
Flags;  Knights 

Herbariums 

Hercules 

Hero  Fund  see  Carnegie  Hero  Fund  Com- 
mission 

Heroes  and  heroism    (Page  20) 

Sec  also  x\dventure;  Argonauts;  Car- 
negie Hero  Fund  Commission;  Courage; 
Explorers;  Fire  service;  Life-saving; 
Myths;  Trojan  war;  also  names  of  he- 
roes, e.  g.  Perseus,  Peter  of  Haarlem, 
etc.;  also  heroic  deeds,  e.  g.  Light  Bri- 
gade, Charge  of  the 

Herons 

Herschel,  Sir  William 

Flervey   islands  sec   Cook  islands 

Hiawatha 

Hibernation 

Hides  and   skins  sec  Leather 

Higginson,  Thomas  Wentworth 

Himalaya  mountains 

Hindu  literature 

Hioh,  f  lid  tan  chief 

Hippopotamus 

History    (Page  21) 

See  also  Archaeology;  Battles;  Biog- 
raphy; Civilization;  Crusades;  Govern- 
ment; Kings  and  rulers;  Middle  ages; 
Naval  battles;  Queens;  Reformation; 
Slavery;  also  names  of  countries,  sub- 
head History,  e.  g.  England — History, 
and  names  of  wars,  e.  g.  Civil  war. 
United   States 

History,  Ancient 

Hittites 

Hobson,  Richmond  Pearson 

Hockey 

Sec  also  Sports 

Hofer,  Andreas 

Hogarth,  William 

Holbein,  Hans,  the  younger 

Holidays    (Page   16) 

Sec  also  April  fool's  day;  Arbor  day; 
Bird  day;  Christmas;  Easter;  Flag  day; 
Hallowe'en;  Independence  day;  Lin- 
coln's birthday;  May  day;  Memorial 
day;  New  Year's  day;  St.  Patrick's  day; 
Thanksgiving  day;  Twelfth  night;  Val- 
entine's day;  Washington's  birthday; 
also  names  of  people,  subhead  Birthday 
exercises,  e.  g.  Longfellow.  Henry 
Wadsworth — Birthday  exercises 

Holland,   Josiah    Gill^ert 

Holland  see  Netherlands 
Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell 
Birthday  exercises 


Refer  from   Arms   and   armor;    Chivalry; 
Coats  of  arms  (s);  Crests  (s) 
Refer  from   Botany;   Plants 
Refer  from  Alyths 


Refer  from  Biography;  Bravery  (s); 
Character;  Chivalry;  Courage;  Ethical 
stories;  Valor  (s) 


Refer  from   Indians   of  America 
Refer  from   Animals;    Zoology 


Refer  from  Asia — Description  and  travel 
Refer  from  Literature — Hindu   (s) 


Refer  from    Civilization;    Feudal    system: 
Man 


Refer  from  Ancient  history  (s) 


Refer  from      Games;      Skating;      Sports; 
Winter  sports    (s) 


Refer  from  Anniversaries  (s);  Birthdays 
(s) ;  Days  (s);  Festivals  (s);  Manners  and 
customs 


(s) 


Refer    front    Titcomb,    Timothy,    pseud. 


66 


Holstein,  Anna  Louise  Germaine  (Necker), 
baronne  de   Stael  sec  Stael,   Madame  de 

Holy  Bible  sec  Bible 

Holy  grail 

See  also  Arthur,  King;  Lohengrin; 
Parsifal 

Holy  Land  sec  Palestine 

Home  decoration  sec  House  decoration 

Homer 

Honduras 

Honesty 

Honolulu 

Hooker,   Got.  Joseph 

Hoosac  tunnel 

Hope 

Horace 

Horatius  Codes 

Horizontal  bar 

Horn,  King  sec  King  Horn 

Hornets 

Horse-chestnut  trees 

Horsemanship  sec  Riding 

Horses 

Horseshoeing  sec  Blacksmithing 
Hortense,  queen  of  Holland 
Hosmer,  Harriet  Goodhue 
Hottentots 

See  also  Bushmen 
House  boats 

See  also   Boats  and   boating 

House  decoration 

Sec  also  Carpets;  Flowers  —  Arrange- 
ment; Fretwork:  Furniture;  Pictures; 
Rugs;  Tapestry 

Housekeeping 

See  also  Cooking;  Food;  Furniture; 
House  decoration;  Markets 

Houses 

Sec  also  Animals  —  Houses;  Architec- 
ture; House  boats;  Log  cabins;  Tree 
houses 

Houston,  Gen.  Samuel 

Howard.  Henry,  earl  of  Surrey  see  Surrey, 
Henry  Howard,  earl  of 

Howard,  John 

Howard,    Thomas,    duke    of    Norfolk    see 
Norfolk,    Thomas    Howard,    duke    of 

Howe,  Elias 

Howe,  Mrs  Julia    (Ward) 

Howe,   Richard,  earl 

Howe,   Samuel   Gridley 

Howells,  William  Dean 

Hudson,  Henry 

Hudson  Bay  company 

Huguenots 

See  also  St.  Bartholomew's  day,  Mas- 
sacre of 

Hull,  Isaac 

Humboldt,    Alexander   von 

Hume,  David 


Refer  from  Arthur.    King;    Folklore    (s); 
Grail  (s);  Legends 


Refer  from  Central  America 
Refer  from    Character;    Dishonesty    (s); 
Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Tunnels 

Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 

Refer  from  .Sports 


Refer  from   Animals;    Farming 
(s);  Riding- 


Ponies 


Refer  from   Boats  and  boating;   Houses; 
Outdoor    life 

Refer  from    Art;    Furniture;    Home    dec- 
oration (s);  Housekeeping;  Rugs 


Refer  from  Cooking;  Industries 


Refer  from    Architecture;    Building    (s); 
Carpentry 


Refer  from   Sewing  machines 


Refer  from  Furs 

Refer  from     France — History;     St. 
tholomew's  day,  Massacre  of 


Bar- 


67 


Humming-birds 
Humor 

Sec  also  Nursery  rhymes;  Readers  and 
speakers 

Humphreys,   Samuel 

Hungary  sec  Austria-Hungary 

Hunt,  Mrs  Helen  sec  Jackson,  Mrs.  Helen 

Hunt 
Hunter,  John 
Hunter,  William 
Hunting 

Sec  also      Falconry;      Fishing;      Guns; 

Sports;   Tracking;   Trapping- 


Hurricanes  sec  Storms 

Huxley,  Thomas  Henry 

Hyacinths 

Hydraulic  engineering  sec  Water  power 

Hyenas 

Hygiene 

Sec  also  Baths  and  bathing;   Clothing; 
Food;  Germs;  Nurses  and  nursing;  Phy- 
sical education;  Physiology;  Sleep;  Tem- 
perance 
Hygiene,  Public 

See  also  Civic  readers;  Street  cleaning; 
Water  supply 
Hymns 

See  also'  Music;    Poetry- — Collections; 
Songs 
Hypatia 
Ice 

Sec  also   Arctic   regions;    Glaciers;    Ice 
boats;    Icebergs;    Skating;    Water 
Ice  boats 

See  also  Boats  and  boating 


Icebergs 

Sec  also  Arctic  regions;  Glaciers;  Phy- 
sical  geography 
Iceland 
Ideals 

Idleness 

Imports  sec  Commerce 

Inauguration  of  the  presidents  of  the  U.  S. 

see  Presidents 
Incas  see  Peru 
Inchcape  rock 
Independence  day 

See  also   Declaration   of   independence 


India 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also    names    of   cities,    e.g.    Bom- 
bay 

Manners  and  customs 

India-rubber  sec   Rubber 
Indian  corn  sec  Corn 


Refer  from  American  literature;  English 
literature;  Jokes  (s) ;  Nonsense  rhymes 
(s);    Wit   and  humor   (s) 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Amusements; 
Animals;  Big  game  (s);  Country  life; 
Outdoor  life;  Riding;  Shooting  (s); 
Sports;  Trapping 


Refer  from  Body,  Human  (s) ;  Cleanli- 
ness (s)  ;  Health  (s)  ;  Nurses  and  nursing; 
Physical  education;  Physiology 


Refer  from  Public  health  (s) 


Refer  from    Alusic;    Poetry — Collections; 
Religion;   Singing   (s) ;  Songs 


Refer  from  Frosts;  Glaciers;  Physical 
geography;  Water 

Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Ice;  Sail- 
ing (s);  Ships;  Sports;  Winter  sports  (s) ; 
Yachts  and  yachting 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions;  Glaciers;  Ice; 
Ocean;  Physical  geography 

Refer  from   Scandinavia    (s) 

Refer  from  Aspiration  (s);  Character; 
Ethical  stories 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories; 
Indolence  (s) ;  Laziness  (s) 


Refer  from  Days  (s) ;  Declaration  of  in- 
dependence; Fourth  of  July  (s);  Holidays; 
United   States — Manners  and   customs 

Refer  from  Asia — Description  and  travel; 
England — Colonies 


Refer  /ro;»  Manners  and  customs 


68 


Indians  of  America 

Sec  also  Aztecs;  Cliff  dwellers;  Eski- 
mos; French  and  Indian  war,  1755-63; 
Frontier  life;  Hiawatha;  Mound  build- 
ers; Wampum;  (The)  West;  also  names 
of  Indians,  e.g.  Pocahontas,  Pontiac, 
chief  of  the  Ottawas 

Biography 

Folklore    (Page   12) 

Industries 

Indigo 

Indo-China 

Indolence  sec  Idleness 

Induction  coils 

Industries     (Page   19) 

See  also  Blacksmithing;  Bookbinding; 
Business;  Carpentry;  Commerce;  Dress- 
making; Dyeing;  Electric  engineering; 
Engineering;  Farming;  Fishing;  Handi- 
craft; Housekeeping;  Inventions;  Lum- 
bering; Machinery;  Manufactures;  Ma- 
sonry; Mechanics;  Millinery;  Mines  and 
mining;  Occupations,  Choice  of;  Pot- 
tery; Printing;  Shipbuilding;  Tanning; 
Tools;  Weaving 

Industry 

Inez  de  Castro  see  Castro,   liiez  de 

Ingelow,  Jean 

Ingres,  Jean   Auguste   Dominique 

Injuries  see  Accidents;  First  aid  in  illness 
and  injury 

Inquisition 

Insects 

See  also  Beetles;  Caterpillars;  Moths; 
Parasites;  also  names  of  insects,  e.g. 
Butterflies,  Flies 

Intemperance   see   Temperance 

Inventions 

See  also  Industries;   Inventors 


Inventors 

See  also  Inventions;  also  names  of  in- 
ventors, e.g.  Edison,  Thomas  Alva 
Ionian  islands 
Ireland 

Description    and    travel 

See  also      Giant's       causeway;      also 
names  of  cities,  e.g.  Dublin 
Iron 

See  also  Ironwork;  Metals;  Mines  and 
mining;  Steel 
Iron   Mask  see   Man   with   the    Iron    Mask 
Ironclads  see  Warships 
Ironwork  - 

See  also       Blacksmithing;       Fretwork; 
Metal  work 
Iroquois   Indians  sec  Indians  of  America 
Irving,  Washington 

Birthday  exercises 

Islands 

See     also     Physical     geography;     also 
names  of  islands,  e.g.  Cuba 
Isle  of  Man 
Isle  of  Wight 


Refer  from  American  Indians  (s);  Ar- 
chaeolog}';  Iroquois  Indians  (s);  North 
American  Indians  (s);  Pueblo  Indians  (s); 
United  States— History;    (The)    West 


Refer  from  Biography 
Refer  from  Legends;  Myths 
Refer  from  Beadwork 
Refer  from  Dyeing 


Refer  from  Electricity 

Refer  from  Arts,  Useful  (s) ;  Business; 
Commercial  geography  (s) ;  Geography; 
Inventions;  Lumbering;  Manufactures; 
Pottery;  Resources  (s);  Tanning;  Trades 
(s) ;  United  States — Industries  (s);  Useful 
arts   (s) 


Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Middle  ages;  Spain — History 
Refer  from  Animals;  Beetles;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Civilization;  Discoveries  (in 
science);  Industries;  Inventors;  Machin- 
ery; Science;  Telegraph 

Refer  from  Biography;  Inventions;  Sci- 
entists 


Refer  from     Manufactures;     Mines     and 
mining;   Steel 


Refer  from   Art;    Fretwork;    Handicraft; 
Iron;  Metal  work 


Refer  from    Geography;    Physical    geog- 
raphy 


69 


Isolde  sec  Tristan  and  Isolde 

Isthmian   canal  sec  Panama  canal 

Italian  books 

N^otc-'  Used  for  books  in  the  Italian  language 

Italy 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also  Capri,  Island  of;  Corsica; 
Sardinia;  Sicily;  Vesuvius,  Mount; 
also  names  of  cities,  e.g.   Venice 

Ivory 

Ixtlilxochitl,  king  of  Tczciico 

Jackson,  Andrew 

Jackson,  Mrs  Helen  Hunt 

Jackson,     Stonewall     sec     Jackson,     Gen. 
Thomas  Jonathan  (called  Stonewall) 

Jackson,    Gen.    Thomas    Jonathan     {called 
Stonewall) 

Jacquard,   Joseph   Marie 

Jacqueline    of   Bavaria,    [conntcss   of  Hol- 
land] 

Jamaica 

James  I,   king  of  England 

James  II,  king  of  England 

James  I,  king  of  Scotland 

James  V,  king  of  Scotland 

James   VI,   king  of  Scotland  see  James   I, 
king  of  England 

Japan 

Sec  also  Ainos 

Folklore 

— — Manners  and  customs 

Japanese   folklore  see  Japan — Folklore 

Jason  sec  Argonauts 

Java 

Jay,  John 

Jeanne  d'Arc  see  Joan  of  Arc     i 

Jefferson,  Thomas  ' 

Jeffrey,   Francis,  lord 

Jellyfish 

Jenghis  Khan 

Jenner,  Edward 

Jervis,  John,  earl  St.  Vincent  sec  St.  Vin- 
cent,  John  Jervis,   earl 

Jesus  Christ 

See  also  Bible;  Christmas;  Easter 

Jewelry 

Sec  also  Beadwork;  Diamonds;  Pearls; 
Precious  stones 

Jews 

Sec  also  Talmud 

Joan  of  Arc 


John,  king  of  England 

John  of  Lancaster  see  Bedford,  John  Plan- 

tagenet,  duke  of 
Johnson,  Andrew 
Johnson,  Samuel 
Johnston,  Gen,  Joseph  Eggleston 


Refer  from  War  of  1812 

Refer  from  Hunt,  Mrs  Helen  (s) 


Refer  from   Jackson,    Stonewall    (s) 


Refer  from  West  Indies 

Refer  from  James  VI,  king  of  Scotland 


(s) 


Refer  from  Japanese  folklore  (s) 
Refer  from   Children 


Refer  from  East  Indies 


Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Genghis  Khan    (s) 


Refer  from  Christ  (s) ;  Bible  stories;  Re- 
ligion 

Refer  from  Art;  Costume;  Diamonds; 
Gems  (s);  Gold;  Handicraft;  Metal  work; 
Precious   stones 

Refer  from  Bible  stories;  Hebrews  (s); 
Man 

Refer  from  Arc,  Joan  of  (s);  D'Arc. 
Jeanne  (s);  France — History;  Jeanne 
d'Arc  (s);  Maid  of  Orleans  (s);  Patriot- 
ism 


70 


Jokes  sec  Humor 

Joliet,  Louis 

Jones,  Charles  Jesse 

Jones,  John  Paul 

Jones,  Sir  William 

Joseph,  Indian  chief 

Josephine,  empress  of  the  French 

Josephus,   [Flavius] 

Journalism 

See  also  Newspapers 

Juan  Fernandez  island 

Juana  [de  Navarra],  queen  of  Spain 

Justice 

Justinian  I,  the  Great 

Kaffirs  see  Kafirs 

Kafirs 

See  also  Africa,  South 
Kaler,  James   Otis  see  Otis,  James,  pseud. 
Kalevala 

Kane,  Elisha  Kent 
Kangaroos 
Kansas 

Karnak,  Temple  of 
Katydids 

Kauffmann,  Angelica 
Kearney,  Stephen  Watts 
Kearsarge    (ship)   see  Alabama  and  Kear- 

sarge  (ships) 
Keats,  John 
Ken,  Thomas 
Kenton,  Simon 
Kepler,  Johann 
Keys  see  Locks 
Kidd,  Capt.  William 
Kilauea 

Kindergarten — Games  and  songs 
Kindness 
Kindness  to  animals 

See  also  Animals — Care 

Kinetoscope  see  Moving  pictures 
King  Arthur  see  Arthur,  King 
King  George's  war,  1744-48 

See  also  Colonial  period,  United  States 
King  Horn 

King  William's  war,  1689-97 

See  also  Colonial  period,  United  States 
(The)    King-maker  sec  Warwick,   Richard 

Neville,  earl  of 
Kingfishers 
Kings  and  rulers 

See  also  Presidents;  Queens;  also  names 

of  special  rulers,  e.g.  Alfred  the  Great, 

king  of  England 
Kingsley,  Charles 
Kipling,  Rudyard 
Kirchoff,  Gustav  Robert 
Kites 

Knighthood  see  Chivalry;  Feudal  system; 

Knights 
Knights 


Refer  from  Buffalo  Jones   (s) 
Refer  from  Naval  battles 


Refer  from    Authors;    Literature;    News- 
papers 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Africa,  South;  Kaffirs  (s) 
Refer  from  Folklore  (s) 


Refer  from  Volcanoes 

Refer  from    Games;    Play    (s) 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 

Refer    from    Animals — Care;     Animals, 
Kindness   to    (s);   Domestic   animals    (s); 


Refer  from  Colonial  period.  United  States 
Refer  from    Childe    Horn    (s);    Folklore 
(s);  Horn,  King  (s);  Legends 

Refer  from  Colonial  period.  United  States 


Refer  from   Biography;    History;    Rulers 
(s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Balloons;  Fly- 
ing; Sports;  Toys 


Refer  from  Chivalry;   Heraldry;  Knight- 
hood (s) 


71 


Knights   of  the   Round   Table  see  Arthur, 
King;   Lancelot  of  the  Lake 

Knitting 

Sec  also  Crocheting;  Lace;  Spool  knit- 
ting 

Knives 

Sec  also  Cutlery- 
Knots 

Knox,  Mrs  Lucy  ( Flucker) 

Knut  the  Great  sec  Canute,  kiug  of  England, 
Denmark  and  A^orzuay 

Korea 

Kosciuszko,  fTadeusz] 

Koster,  Laurens  Janszoon  see  Coster,  Lau- 
rens Janszoon 
Kremlin 
Ku-Klux  Klan 
Laboulaye,  fidouard 
Labrador 
Lace 

See  also  Crocheting;   Knitting 


Lafayette,  marquis  dc 
La  Fontaine,  Jean  de 
Lake  dwellers 

Sec  also  Man — Prehistoric 

Lake  Erie,  Battle  of  see  Erie,  Lake,  Battle 

of,  1813 
Lakes 

See  also   Great   Lakes;    Lake   dwellers; 

Physical  geography;  also  names  of  lakes, 

e.g.  \'ictoria.  Lake 
Lamb,  Charles 
Lambs 
La     Motte-Fouque,     [Friedrich     Heinrich 

Karl,]    baron   de 
Lancelot  of  the  Lake 

Sec  also  Arthur,  King 


Landseer,  Sir  Edwin 
Langland,  William 
Language 

Sec  also  Alphabet;  Primers;  Words 
Laocoon 
Lapland 
Larks 

La  Salle,  Robert  Cavelier 
Lathes 

Latimer,  Hugh 

Latin  literature — Collections 

Launcelot  of  the  Lake  see  Lancelot  of  the 

Lake 
Launches  see  Motors  boats 
Lava  see  Volcanoes 
Law 

Sec  also  Arbitration;  Citizenship;  Civic 

readers;   Government;   Lawyers;  United 

States — Government 
Lawn  tennis  see  Tennis 


Refer  from  Crocheting;  Fancy  work  (s); 
Lace;  Needlework  (s);  Sewing 

Refer  from  Cutlery;  Hardware;  Weapons 
Refer  from  Rope 


Refer  from  China — Description  and  trav- 
el; Corea  (s) 


Refer  from  (The)   South 

Refer  from  Eskimos 

Refer  from  Art;  Clothing;  Crocheting; 
Fancy  work  (s) ;  Handicraft;  Knining: 
Needlework  (s);  Sewing 


Refer  from  Archaeology;   Lakes;   Mc 
Prehistoric 


Refer  from   Physical   geography;    Water 
supply 


Refer  from  Fouque,  baron  de  la  Motte — 
(s);  Motte-Fouque,  baron  de  la  (s) 

Refer  from  Folklore  (s);  Knights  of  the 
Round  Table  (s);  Launcelot  of  the  Lake 
(s);  Legends 


Refer  from  Carpentry;  Machinery;  Tools; 
Turning  (s);  Woodwork  (s) 

Refer  from   Classical   literature    (s);   Lit- 
erature— Roman  (s);  Roman  literature  (s) 


Refer  from   Government 


72 


Lawrence,  James 

Lawrence,  Sir  Thomas 

Lawton,  Gen.  Henry  Ware 

Lawyers 

Laziness  sec  Idleness 

Lead 

Sec  also  Metals 
Lear,  Edward 
Leather 

See  also    Leather    work;    Shoes;    Tan- 
ning 
Leather  work 

Leaves 

Sec  also  Botany;  Buds;  Flowers;  Trees 

Le  Brun,  Madame 

Lee,  Gen.  Henry 

Lee,  Gen.  Robert  E[dward] 

Lee,  William 

Leeches 

Legends    (Page  10) 

See  also  Animals — Stories;  Arthur, 
King;  Ballads;  Beowulf;  Charlemagne 
romances;  (The)  Cid;  Fables;  Fairy 
tales;  Folk  songs;  Gawain,  Sir;  Gudrun; 
Guy  of  Warwick;  Havelok  the  Dane; 
Holy  grail;  Indians  of  America — Folk- 
lore; King  Horn;  Lancelot  of  the  Lake; 
Merlin;  Myths;  Robin  Hood;  Roland; 
Sagas;  Saints;  Siegfried;  Tell,  William; 
Wandering  Jew;  Wayland  the  Smith 

Leicester,  Simon  de   Montfort,  earl  of  see 
Montfort,  Simon  de,  earl  of  Leicester 

Leighton,  Sir  Frederick 

Leisler,  Jacob 

Leo  X,  pope 

Leon,  Ponce  de  sec  Ponce  de  Leon,  Juan 

Leonardo  da  Vinci 

Leonidas,  king  of  Sparta 

Leopards 

Leper  island  sec  Molokai  island 

Lettering 

Letters — Collections       ' 

Levant 

.SVr  also  x\sia;  Palestine;  Turkey 
Lewis,  Ida 
Lewis  and  Clark  expedition 

See  also  (The)  West 


Lexington,  Battle  of,  1775 

See  also  American  revolution 
Libby  prison 
Liberty,  Statue  of 
Lichens 

See  also  Mosses 
Life-saving 

See  also  Accidents;   Buoys;   Fire  serv- 
ice;     Lighthouses;      Lightships;      Ship- 
wrecks 
Lifeboats  see  Life-saving 


Refer  from  Law 

Refer  from  Mines  and  mining 


Refer  from  Hides  and  skins  (s);  Manu- 
factures; Tanning 

Refer  from  Art;  Bookbinding;  Handi- 
craft; Leather 

Refer  from  Botany;  Flowers;  Plants; 
Trees 


Refer  from  Fairy  tales;  Folklore  (s); 
Literature;  Myths;  Romances  (s);  Stories 
(s) 


Refer  from  Vinci,  Leonardo  da   (s) 


Refer  from  Alphabet;  Design;  Mechan- 
ical drawing;  Writing 

Refer  from  American  literature;  English 
literature;  Literature 


Refer  from  Explorers;  Louisiana  pur- 
chase; United  States — Exploration;  (The) 
West 

Refer  from  American   revolution 

Refer  from  Prisons 

Refer  from  Sculpture;  Statues  (s) 

Refer  from  Mosses 

Refer  from  Accidents;  Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Heroes  and  heroism;  Lifeboats  (s); 
Shipwrecks 


7Z 


Light 

•Va'  also     Aurora     bi)realis;     Lighting; 
riiosphorcsccncc;     Pliotoj;;raphy ;     Phys- 
ics; Sun;   X   rays 
Light  Brigade,  Charge  of  the 


Lighthouses 
Lighting 

Sec  also     Candles;     Electric     lighting; 
Gas;    Lighthouses;    Natural   gas;    Petro- 
leum 
Lightships 
Lincoln,  Abraham 

Sec  also  Gettysburg  address 
Lincoln,  Gcii.  Benjamin 
Lincoln,  Thomas 
Lincoln's  birthday    (Page  16) 

Lind,  Jenny 
Linen 

Sec  also  Cloth;  Flax 
Linnaeus,  Carl  von 
Lions 
Liquid  air 

Liquids 

Sec  also  Liquid  air 
Liszt,  Franz 
Literature 

Sec  also  Authors;  Ballads;  Books  and 
reading;  Drama;  Dramatic  readers;  Fa- 
bles; Fairy  tales;  Humor;  Journaliim; 
Legends;  Letters— Collections;  Ora- 
tions; Poetry;  Proverbs;  Quotations; 
Readers  and  speakers;  Sagas 

Literature,  American  sec  American  litera- 
ture 

Literature,    Chinese   sec   Chinese    literature 

Literature,  English  see  English  literature 

Literature,  Greek  see  Greek  literature — 
Collections 

Literature,   Hindu  see  Hindu  literature 

Literature,  Roman  see  Latin  literature — 
Collections 

Livermore,  Mrs  Mary   [Ashton  (Rice)] 

Lives  sec  Biography 

Livingstone,  David 

Lizards 

Llamas 

Llanos 

Lobsters 

Locks 

Locomotives 

Sec  also  Railroads;   Steam  engines 

Locusts 

See  also  Cicadas  (commonly  called  lo- 
custs);   Grasshoppers 
Lofoden  islands 
Log  cabins 

Logging  see  Lumbering 
Lohengrin 


Refer  from   I'liysics 

Refer  from  Balaklava  (s);  Ciiarge  of  the 
Light  Brigade  (s);  Crimean  war;  Heroes 
and  heroism 

Refer  from  Life-saving;  Lighting;  Signals 

Rffer  from   Light 

Refer  from   Life-saving;  Ships;  Signals 


Refer    from     Birthdays     (s) ;     Days    (s) ; 
Holidays 

Refer  from  Singers. (s) 

Refer  from  Cloth;  Flax 


Refer  from  Air;   Air,   Liquid   (s);   Gases; 
Liquids 

Refer  from  Fluids  (s) 


Refer  from  Authors;  Books  and  reading; 
Poetry 


Refer  from   Africa — Exploration 
Refer  from  Reptiles 


Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from   Hardware;   Keys   (s) ;  Manu- 
factures 

Refer  from    Engines;     Machinery;     Rail- 
roads; Steam  engines 


Refer  from  Grasshoppers 

Refer  from     Building     (s);     Cabins     (s) 
Carpentry;    Houses 

Refer  from  Holy  grail 


74 


London 

Sec  also  British  Museum;  Crystal  pal- 
ace, London;  St.  Paul's  cathedral,  Lon- 
don; Tower  of  London;  Westminster 
abbey 

Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth 

^Birthday  exercises 

Looms  sec  Weaving 

Loons 

Lorelei 

Lorrain,  Claude  sec  Claude  Lorrain 

Lorraine,  Henry  I  de,  duke  of  Guise  sec 
Guise,  Henry  I,  de  Lorraine,  duke  of 

Lotus 

Louis,  St.  sec  Louis  IX,  king  of  France 

Louis  VII,  king  of  France 

Louis  IX,  king  of  France 

Louis  XI,  king  of  France 

Louis  XIV,  king  of  France 

Louis  XVII,  titular  king  of  France 

Louis  Napoleon,  sec  Napoleon  ITT,  em- 
peror of  the  French 

Louisa,  queen  of  Prussia 

Louisburg 

Louisiana  purchase 

Sec  also  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition; 
Mississippi  valley;  United  States — His- 
tory 

Lowell,  Charles  Russell 

Lowell,  James  Russell 

Birthday  exercises 

Lucas,  Eliza 

Lucullus 

Lumbering 

See  also  Forestry;  Industries;  Saw- 
mills; Trees;  Wood 


Lusignan,    Guy    of   sec 

king  of  Jerusalem 
Luther,  Martin 
Lycurgus 
Lyell,  Sir  Charles 
Lynxes 
Lyon,  Mary 
Lysander 
Lytton,     [Edward    George 

Bulwer-Lytton,]  baron 


Guy    of    Lusignan, 


Earle     Lytton 


Refer  front      England — Description      and 
travel 


Refer  from   Birthdays    (s);   Holidays    (s) 


Refer  from  Louis,  St.  (s) ;  Crusades 


63 


Refer  from  French  and  Indian  war,  1755- 


Refcr  from  United   States — History 


Refer  from  Forestry;  Industries;  Log- 
ging (s);  Sawmills;  Timber  (s);  Trees; 
Wood 


Refer  from  Wildcats   (s) 

Refer  from  Greece,  Ancient 
Refer     from      Bulwer-Lytton,      Edward 
George  Earle  Lytton,  baron  Lytton  (s) 


Macaroni 

Macaulay,    [Thomas    Babington,]    lord 

Macbeth 

McClellan,   Gen.   George    Brinton 

McCormick,  Cyrus  Hall 

MacDonald,  Flora 

McDonough,  Thomas 

Macedonia 

See  also  Alexander  the  Great,  king  of 
Macedon;  Greece,  Ancient;  Philip  IT, 
king  of  Macedon 

Machinery 

See  also  Electric  motors;  Engines;  In- 
ventions; Lathes;  Locomotives;  Manu- 
factures; Mechanical  drawing;  Mechan- 
ics;   Mines   and    mining;    Pumps;    Saw- 


Refer  from  War  of  1812 
Refer  front  Greece,  Ancient 


Refer  from  Engineering;  Industries;  Man- 
ual training;  Manufactures;  Mechanics; 
Pumps;  Tools 


75 


Machinery — Continued 

mills:  Sewing  machines;  Steam  engines* 
Tools;  Water  wheels;  Windmills 

Mackay,  Alexander  Murdoch 

McKinley,  William 

Mackintosh,  Sir  James 

Madagascar 

Madeira  islands 

Madison,  Mrs  Dorothy  (Payne) 

Madison,  James 

Madrid 

Maecenas 

Magdalene  of  France,  queen  of  Scotland 

Magellan,  Ferdinand 

Magic 

See  also    Tricks    and    puzzles;    Witch- 
craft 

Magic  lanterns 

Sec  also  Moving  pictures 

Magna  charta 

Magnetism 

Sec  also  Compass;  Electricity;  Physics 
Magpies 
Mahogany  trees 

Mahomet    sec     Mohammed    and     Moham- 
medanism 
Maid  of  Orleans  see  Joan  of  Arc 
Mail  service 

See  also  Stamps 


Maimonides,  Moses 
Maintenon,  Madame  de 
Maize  see  Corn 
Malay  peninsula 
Malays 
Malta 

Mammoth  cave 
Mammoths 

Sec  also  Animals — Extinct;  Elephants; 
Fossils 
Man 

See  also  Civilization;  Dwarfs;  Evolu- 
tion; History;  Manners  and  customs; 
Physiology;  also  names  of  races,  e.g. 
Jews 

Prehistoric 

See  also  Archaeology;  Cave  dwellers; 
Clitf  dwellers;  Evolution;  Geology; 
Lake  dwellers;  Stone  age 

Man  with  the  Iron  Mask 

Manatees 

Manchuria 

Mandeville,  5"/V  John 
Manila 

Mann,  Horace 
Manners 

Sec  also  Conduct;  Manners  and  cus- 
toms 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Conjuring  (s); 
Experiments  (s);  Sleight  of  hand  (s); 
Tricks  and  puzzles 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Photography; 
Stereopticons  (s) 

Refer  from  England  —  History;  Great 
charter  (s) 

Refer  from  Electricity;  Physics 


Refer  from  Business;  Post-office  (s) ; 
Transportation;  United  States  —  Govern- 
ment 


Refer  from  East  Indies 


Refer  from  Caves 

Refer  /ro»j  Animals — Extinct;  Elephants; 
Fossils 

Refer  from    Anthropology    (s);    Civiliza- 
tion; Natural  history;  Physiology 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Antiquity  of 
man  (s);  Evolution;  Geology;  Lake  dwel- 
lers; Prehistoric  man  (s) ;  Primitive  man 
(s);    Stone  age 

Refer  from  Iron  Mask  (s) 

Refer  from  China — Description  and  trav- 
el; Tartars 


76 


Refer  from  Behavior  (s) ;  Conduct;  Cour- 
tesy (s);  Etiquette   (s);  Pxjliteness   (s) 


Manners  and  customs  (Page  23) 

Sec  also  Amusements;  Archaeology; 
Costume;  Duels  and  dueling;  Holidays; 
also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Man- 
ners and  customs,  e.g.  India — Manners 
and  customs 
Mansfield,    [William   Murray,]    earl  of 

Mantegna,  Andrea 

Manual  training    (Page  19) 

Sec  also  Carpentry;  Drawing;  Machin- 
ery; Wood  carving 

Manufactures    (Page   19) 

Sec  also  Automobiles;  Bricks;  Candles; 
Carpets;  Clocks  and  watches;  Cloth; 
Clothing;  Commerce;  Cutlery;  Ex- 
plosives; Flour;  Furniture;  Glass;  Hats; 
Industries;  Iron;  Leather;  Locks;  Ma- 
chinery; Matches;  Nails  and  screws; 
Needles  and  pins;  Paper;  Pens;  Per- 
fumery; Pottery;  Rubber;  Shoes;  Soap; 
Steel;  Tin 

Maple  sugar 

Maple  trees 

Marathon,  Battle  of,  490  B.  C. 
See  also  Greece,  Ancient 

Marble 

Marbles  (game) 
Marcellus,  [Marcus  Claudius] 
Marco   Polo  sec   Polo,   Marco 
Marcus  Aurelius,   emperor   of  Rome 

Mardi  Gras 

Margaret,  St.  sec  Margaret,  queen  of  Scot- 
land 
Margaret,  queen  of  Scotland 

Margaret  of  Anjou,  queen  of  England 
Margaret  of  Austria,  regent  of  the  Nether- 

"iands 
Margaret  Tudor,  queen  of  Scotland 
Maria  Theresa,  empress  of  Austria 
Marie  Antoinette,  queen  of  France 
Mariner's  compass  see  Compass 
Marion,  Gen.   Francis 
Marius,   [Caius] 
Markets 

See  also  Bazaars;  Fairs 


Marlborough,  [John   Churchill,]   duke  of 

Marquesas  islands 

Marquette,  Jacques 

Marshall,  John 

Martial 

Martineau,  Harriet 

Mary  I,  queen  of  England 

Mary,  queen  of  Scots 

Mary  of  Lorraine,  queen  of  Scotland 

Mason,  Sir  Josiah 

Masonry 

See  also     Bricks;     Bridges;     Concrete; 
Dams;   Stone 


Refer  from     Civilization;     Customs     (s); 
Folklore  (s);  Man;  Manners 


Refer  from     Murray,      William,     earl     of 
Mansfield    (s) 


Refer  from  Carpentry;  Education;  Handi- 
craft;  Woodwork   (s) 

Refer  from  Arts,  Useful  (s);  Business; 
Commerce;  Industries;  Machinery;  Useful 
arts    (s) 


Refer  from  Sugar 
Refer  from   Trees 

Refer  from  Battles;  Greece,  Ancient 
Refer  from  Geology;   Minerals;   Quarries 
(s) ;  Stone 
Refer  from   Games 


Refer  from  Aurelius  Antoninus,   Marcus, 
emperor  of   Rome    (s) 

Refer  from  Carnivals  (s) ;  Festivals  (s) 


Refer  from   Margaret,   St.    (s);    .St.    Mar- 
garet  (s) 


Refer  from  Bazaars;  Business;  Cities; 
Commerce;  Food;  Housekeeping;  Vege- 
tables 

Refer  from  Churchill,  John,  duke  of  Marl- 
borough (s) 


Refer  from   Queens 


Refer  from  Architecture;   Bricks;   Build- 
ing   (s) ;    Engineering;    Industries;    Stone 


77 


Massachusetts 

Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew  sec  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's day,  Massacre  of 

Mastersingers    of    Nuremberg    sec    (The) 
Aleistersinger 

Matches 

Mather,  Cotton 

Matilda   of   Flanders,   queen   of  England 

Matilda   of   Scotland,   queen   of  England 

Aland,    queen    of    England   sec    Matilda   of 
Scotland,    queen    of    England 

Maximilian,    emperor   of   Mexico 

Maximilian  I,  duke  of  Bavaria 

Maxims  see  Proverbs 

Maxwell,    William,    earl    of    Nithsdale    sec 
Nithsdale,  William  Maxwell,  earl  of 

May  day 

Mayflower     (ship)     see     Pilgrim     fathers; 
Plymouth 

Mazarin,   [Jules,]    cardinal 

Mazeppa,  Ivan  [Stepanovitch] 

Meade,  Gen.  George  Gordon 

Meat 

Sec  also  Cooking 

Mechanical  drawing 

Sec  also  Lettering- 
Mechanical   toys,  sec   Electric   toys;   Toys 

Mechanics 

Sec  also  Aeroplanes;  Airships;  Auto- 
mobiles; Electric  motors;  Electric  toys; 
Engineering;  Handicraft;  Machinerj^; 
Motor  boats;  Alotor  cycles;  Physics; 
Steam  engines 

Medicine 

See  also  Dentistry;  Doctors;  Nurses 
and  nursing;   Physiology 

Mediterranean  sea 

Meissonier,  Jean  Louis  Ernest 

(The)    Meistersinger 

Memorial   day 

Menageries 

Sec  also  Circus 

Mendelssohn,  Moses 
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,  Felix 
Mercury 

Merlin 

Sec  also  Arthur,  King 
Merrimac  (ship) 

Metacom     see    Philip,    King,   Indian    )unne 

Mefaeont 
Metal  work 

See  also  Brass;  Bronze;   Copper  work; 
Handicraft;  Ironwork;  Jewelry 
Metals 

See  also  Minerals;  Mines  and  mining; 
also  names  of  metals  and  alloys,  e.g. 
Brass,  Gold,   Mercury 


Refer  from    New    England;    Pilgrim    fa- 
thers 


Refer  fror.i  Manufactures 

Refer  from  Maud,  queen  of  England  (s) 


Refer  from  Days  (s);  Holidays 


Meteorology  see  Weather 


Refer  from  Drawing;   Engineering;  Ma- 
chinery 


Refer  from  Engineering;  Industries;  Ma- 
chinery;   Physics 


Refer  from    Nurses   and   nursing;    Physi- 
ology 


Refer  from  Mastersingers  of  Nuremberg 

Refer  from    Days     (s) ;     Decoration     day 
(s);    Holidays 

Refer  from    Animals;    Animals — Houses; 
Natural  history;  Zoology 

Refer  from    Metals;    Mines    and    mining; 
Quicksilver  (s) 

Refer  from   Folklore   (s) ;   Legends 
Refer  from  Naval  battles;  United  States — 
Xavy 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Art;  Handi- 
craft; Hardware;  Ironwork 

Refer  from  Aluminum:  Copper:  Geol- 
ogy; Iron;  Lead;  Minerals;  Mines  and 
niining:  Ores  (s);  Silver;  Smelting  (s); 
Tin;  Zinc 


78 


Meteors 

Sec  also  Astronomy 

Mexican   war,    1846-48 

Mexico 

Mexico   (city) 

Meyerbeer,  (iiacomo 

Mice 

Michael  Angelo 

I^Iicrobes  sec  Germs 

Micronesia 

Microscope 

Middle  ages 

6\v  also  Castles;  Chivalry;  Crusades; 
Feudal  sytem;  Hanseatic  league;  Inqui- 
sition;   Reformation 

Migration  of  birds  sec  Birds — Migration 

Miles,  Gcii.  Nelson  A[ppleton] 

Military  life  sec  Army  life 

Milk 

Sec  also  Butter;  Cheese;  Cows 

Milkweed 

Millais  Sir  John  Everett 

Miller,  Hugh 

Millet,  Jean   Frangois 

Millinery 

See  also  Costume;  Hats 

Milner,  Isaac 

Miltiades 

Milton,  John 

Minerals 

Sec  al_so  Crystals;  Geology;  Granite; 
Marble;  Metals;  Mines  and  mining;  Pre- 
cious stones;  Rocks;  also  names  of  min- 
erals, e.g.  Coal;  Salt 

Mines  and  Mining 

Sec  also  Coal;  Explosives;  Geology; 
Gold;  Iron;  Lead;  Mercury;  Metals; 
Minerals;  Salt;  Silver 

Mines  and  mining 

Ministers 

See  also  Preaching 

Minks 
Mints 

Miracle  plays 

Sec  also  Oberammergau 

Mirage 

Missionary  work 
Mississippi  river 
Mississippi  valley 

Missouri 

Mistletoe 

Mitchell,  Af  aria 

Mocking  birds 

Modeling  sec  Clay  modeling;  Sculpture 

Mohammed  and  Mohammedanism 

Mold  see  Fungi 
Moles 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Shooting  stars 
(s)i   Stars 

Refer  from  United  States  —  History; 
United  States — History — Mexican  war  (s) 

Refer  from  Aztecs 


Refer  from  Artists;  Angelo,  Michael  (s); 
Sculptors 


Refer  from  Chivalry;  Crusades;  Dark 
ages  (s);  Europe — History;  Feudal  sys- 
tem;   History 


Refer  from  Cows;  Dairy  (s);  Farming 


Refer  from  Hats;  Industries 


Refer  from  Crystals;  Geology;  Metals; 
Mines  and  mining;  Natural  history;  Ores 
(s);  Rocks;  Science 


Refer  from  Coal;  Engineering;  Geology; 
Gold;  Industries;  Iron;  Machinery;  Met- 
als; Minerals;  Ores  (s);  Silver;  Tunnels 


Refer  from  Biography;  Preachers  (s); 
Preaching 

Refer  from  Coins;  Money;  United  States 
— Mints    (s) 

Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Drama; 
Plays;  Religion;  Theater  (s) 

Refer  from  Deserts 

Refer  from   Religion 

Refer  from  Rivers 

Refer  from  Louisiana  purchase;  LTnited 
States — Exploration 


Refer  from  Mahomet  (s);  Moors;  Relig- 
ion 


79 


Mollnsks  sec  Ocean  life;  Oysters;  Shells 
Molokai  island 

Sec  also    Damien    de    Veustcr,    Father 

Joseph 
Moltke,  Count  von 
Monaco 
Money 

Sec  also  Banks  and  banking;  Business; 

Coins;     Commerce;     Mints;     Wampum; 

Wealth 

Monitor  (ship) 
Monkeys 

Sec  also  Apes;   Baboons 
Monmouth's  rebellion,  1685 
Monroe,  James 
Montefiore,  Sir  Moses 
Montenegro 

See  also  Balkan  states 
Montezuma  II,  emperor  of  Mexico 
Montfort,  Simon  de,  \earl  of  Leicester] 

Montreal 

Montrose,    [James   Graham,]    marquis  of 

Monuments  see  Obelisks;    Pyramids 

Moody,  Dwight  L[yman] 

Moon 

See  also  Astronomy;  Eclipses;  Tides 

Moore,  Sir  John 

Moore,  Thomas 

Moors 

See  also   Algeria;    Alhambra;    Moham- 
med and  Mohammedanism;  Morocco 

Moose 

Moral  stories  sec  Ethical  stories 

Morales,  Luis  de 

More,  Sir  Thomas 

Morgan,  Gen.  Daniel 

Morgan,  Edwin  Dennison 

Morley,  Sir  Robert 

Mormons 

Morning-glories 

Morocco 

Morris,  Gouverneur 

Morris,  Robert 

Morse,  Samuel   Finley   [Breese] 

Morton,  Levi  P [arsons] 

Moscow 

Moselle  river 

Moses 

Mosquitoes 

Mosses 

See  also  Lichens 

Mother      Goose      melodies     sec      Nursery 
rhymes 

Moths 

See  also  Butterflies;   Caterpillars;   Silk- 
worms 

Motion  pictures  sec  Moving  pictures 

Motley,  John  Lothrop 

Motor  boats 


Refer  from  Lei)er  island  (s) 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Business; 
Coins;  Commerce;  Finance  (s);  Gold; 
Government;  Paper  money  (s);  Silver; 
Wealth 


Refer  from  Apes;  Baboons 


Refer  from  Balkan  states 
Refer  from  Aztecs 

Refer  from    Leicester,    Simon    de    Mont- 
fort, earl  of  (s);  Simon  de  Montfort  (s) 

Refer  from    Graham,   James,    marquis    of 
Montrose  (s) 


Refer  from   Astronomy;    Eclipses;    Plan- 
ets; Tides 


Refer  from   Spain — History 


Refer  from  Moors 

Refer  from  Telegraph 

Refer fromRussia. — Description  and  travel 

Refer  from  Bible  stories 

Refer  from  Lichens 


Refer     from     Butterflies;      Caterpillars: 
Chrysalis  (s);  Cocoons  (s);  Insects 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Electric 
launches  (s);  Launches  (s);  Mechanics; 
Power  boats   (s) 


80 


Motor  carriasi:es  sec  Automobiles 
Motor  cycles 

Motors  see  Electric  motors 

Mott,  Mrs  Lucretia 

Motte-Fouque,   baron  de  la  sec  La   Motte- 

Fouque   Friedrich   Heinrich   Karl,  baron 

de 
Mottoes  sec  Proverbs;   Quotations 
A'lould  sec  Fungi 

Moulton,  Mrs  Louise  (Chandler) 
Mound  builders 

Mount  Vernon 

Mountains 

See  also  Geology;  Physical  geography; 
Volcanoes;    also    names    of    mountains, 
e.g.     Alps     mountains;      Etna,      Mount; 
Rocky  mountains 
Moving  pictures 


Mozambique 

Mozart,  Wolfgang  Amadeus 

Mucins,   Caius  see   Scaevola,   C.   Mucius 

Mud  Turtles  see  Turtles 

Mummies 

Munich 

Murfree,     Mary     Noailles     see     Craddock, 
Charles  Egbert,  pseud 

Murillo,  Bartolome  Esteban 

Murray,    William,    earl    of    Mansfield    see 
Mansfield  William  Murray,   earl  of 

Museums 

See  also   British   museum 

Mushrooms 

See  also  Fungi 

Music 

See  also  Cantatas;  College  songs; 
Hymns;  Musical  instruments;  Musicians; 
Operettas;  Songs 

Musical  instruments 
See  also  Piano 

Musicians 

See  also  names  of  musicians,  e.g.  Wag- 
ner, Richard 

Muskrats 

Mythology  see  Myths 

Myths    (Page  9) 

See  also  Argonauts;  Fairy  tales:  Indi- 
ans of  America — Folklore;  Legends;  Sa- 
gas; also  names  of  mythological  heroes, 
e.g.    Hercules,   Theseus 

— — Greek  and  Roman 


Norse 

Nails  and  screws 

Names 

Nansen,  Fridtjof 


Refer  from    Bicycles   and   bicycling;    Me- 
chanics;   Sports 


Refer  front  Archaeology;  Indians  of 
America;  Tombs 

Refer  from  United  States  —  Description 
and  travel;  Washington,  George 

Refer  from  Geology;  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Amuse- 
ments; Drama;  Kinetoscope  (s);  Magic 
lanterns;  Motion  pictures  (s);  Photogra- 
phy; Pictures;  Pictures,  Moving  (s) ; 
Plays;  Theater  (s) 


Refer  from  Art;   Exhibitions    (s) 

Refer  from  Fungi;  Toadstools  (s) 

Refer  from    Art;     Hymns;    Singing    (s); 
Sound 


Refer  from  Music;  Piano 

Refer  from     Artists;     Biography;     Com- 
posers  (s);  Music;   Singers   (s) 


Refer  from  Fairy  tales;  Folklore  (s); 
Heroes  and  heroism;  Legends;  Mythology 
(s);  Religion;  Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Classical  mythology  (s); 
Greek  mythology  (s);  Roman  mythology 
(s) 

Refer  from  Norse  mythology  (s);  Norse- 
men;   Northern  mythology   (s) 

Refer  from  Manufactures;  Screws  (s) ; 
Tools 

Refer  front  Christian  names  (s);  Words 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions 


81 


Naples 

Napoleon    I,  emperor  of  the  French 
See  also  Waterloo,  Battle  of,  1815 

Napoleon  III,  •  emperor  of  the  French 

Nasmyth,  James 

Nasturtiums 

Natal 

National  songs  sec  Folk  songs;  Songs 

Natural  bridge,  Arizona 

Natural  bridge,   Virginia 

Natural  gas 

See  also  Gas 

Natural  history    (Page  18) 

See  also  Animals;  Aquariums;  Botany; 
Fossils;     Geology;     Man;     Menageries; 
Minerals;   Nature;  Ocean;  Outdoor  life; 
Plants;     Physical    geography;     Science 
Taxidermy;  Trees;  Zoology 

Nature    (Page   18) 

See  also  Animals;  Arbor  day;  Birds; 
Botany;  Earth;  Flowers;  Natural  his- 
torj';  Outdoor  life;  Plants;  Science;  Sea- 
sons;  Trees;    Zoology 

Poetry 

Nautilus 

Naval  battles    (Page  22) 

See  also  Battles;  Spanish  armada,  1588; 
Pirates;  Submarine  boats;  Torpedo 
boats;  United  States — Navy;  Warships; 
also  names  of  naval  battles,  commanders 
and  ships,  e.g.  Erie,  Lake.  Battle  of,  1813; 
Jones.  John  Paul;  Merrimac  (ship) 

Naval  life 

See  also  Naval  battles;  Pirates;  Sea 
stories;  Ships;  United  States  Naval 
AcademJ^  Annapolis;  United  States — 
Navy;   Voj^ages 

Naval  War  College,  Newport,  R.  I. 

Navies  see  Naval  battles;  Naval  life;  Ship- 
building; Spanish  armada,  1588;  Sub- 
marine boats;  Torpedo  boats;  Warships; 
also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Navy, 
e.g.  France — Navy,  United  States — Navy 

Necker,  Jacques 

Needles  and  pins 

Needlework  see  Beadwork;  Crocheting; 
Drawn  work;  Dressmaking;  Embroid- 
er}';   Knitting;    Lace;    Sewing;    Tapestry 

Negroes 

See  also   Slavery 

-Stories 

Nelson,  Admiral  Horatio 
Nero,  emperor  of  Rome 
Nests 

Sec  also  Birds 

Netherlands 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  names  of  cities,  e.  g.   (The~) 
Hague 


Refer  from  Bonaparte, 
French  revolution 

Refer  from  Bonaparte, 
(s);  Louis  Napoleon  (s) 


Napoleon     (s) ; 
Louis    Napoleon 


Refer  from  Gas;  Gases;  Geology;  Light- 
ing;  Petroleum 

Refer  from    Animals;     Botany;     Nature; 
Outdoor  life;  Plants;  Science;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Arbor  day;  Botany;  Country 
life;  Natural  history;  Outdoor  life;  Phy- 
sical geography;  Science;  Zoology 

Refer  from   Poetrj' — Collections 


Refer  from  Armies  (s) ;  Battles;  Fighting 
(s);  History;  Naval  life;  Navies  (s);  Sea 
fights  (s);  United  States — Navy;  War; 
Warships 


Refer  from  Armies  (s) ;  Army  life; 
Navies  (s) ;  Sailors;  Sea  stories;  Ships; 
Soldiers;   United   States — Navy 

Refer  from  United  States,  Naval  War 
College,   Newport,   R.   I.    (s) 


Refer  from  Manufactures;  Pins  (s) 


Refer  from    Colored    people     (s);    Man; 
Slavery;   (The)   South 
Refer  from    Folklore    (s) 


Refer  from   Birds;    Birds'  nests    (s);  Zo- 
ology 
Refer  from  Holland  (s) 


82 


Neville,  Richard,  earl  of  Warwick  sec  War- 
wick, Richard  Neville,  earl  of 

New  Amsterdam  sec  New  York  (city) 

New  Caledonia  island 

New  England 

Sec  also  Pilgrim  fathers;  also  names  of 
the  New  England  states,  e.  g.  Massachu- 
setts 

New  Guinea 

New  Hebrides  islands 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New    Netherlands   sec    New    York    (state) 

New   Orleans 

New  testament  see  Bible 

New  Year's    day     (Page    16) 

New  York  (state) 

New    York    (city) 

New  Zealand 

Newfoundland 

Newspapers 

Sec  also   Journalism 

Newton,  Sir  Isaac 

Niagara   falls 

Nicaragua 

Nicholas,   child   crusader 

Nicias 

Nicolette   sec   Aucassin    and    Nicolette 

Nightingale,  Florence 

Nightingales 

Nijni  Novgorod 

Nile,  Battle  of  the,  1798  sec  Aboukir  bay. 

Battle  of,  1798 
Nile  river 

Nithsdale,    [William    Maxwell,]    earl    of 

Nitrogen 
Njals  saga 

Nonsense    rhymes    sec    Humor;     Nursery 

rhymes 
Nordenskiold,   [Adolf  Erik,]   baron 
Norfolk,   [Thomas  Howard,]  duke  of 


Norfolk  island 

Norman    conquest   see   England — History; 

Hastings,   Battle   of,   1066 
Normandy 

Norse   mythology  see   Myths — Norse 
Norsemen 

See  aiso    Myths — Norse;    Sagas 
North  America    fPage  21) 
Discovery  and  settlement 


North    American    Indians    sec    Indians    of 

America 
North  pole  sec  Arctic  regions 
Northeast  passage  see  Arctic  regions 
Northern  lights  see  Aurora  borealis 
Northern  mythology  sec  Myths — Norse 
Northmen  sec   Norsemen 


Refer  from  United   States — History 


Refer  from  Days  (s) ;  Holidays 
Refer  from  New  Netherlands  (s) 
Refer  from  New  Amsterdam   (s) 


Refer  front  Journalism 

Refer  from    United    States  —  Description 
and  travel 

Refer  from   Central  America 


Refer  from  Nurses  and  nursing 
Refer  from  Fairs 


Refer  from  Africa — Description  and 
travel;    Egypt — Description   and   travel 

Refer  from  Maxwell,  William,  earl  of 
Nithsdale    (s) 

Refer  from    Gases 

Refer  from  Sagas 


Refer  from  Howard,  Thomas,  duke  of 
Norfolk  (s);  Surrey,  Thomas  Howard, 
earl  of   (s) 


Refer  from  Northmen    (s) ;   Vikings    (s) 

Refer  from  America  (s) 

Refer  from  Colonial  period.  United 
States;  Discovery  of  America  (s);  Explor- 
ation (s);  United  States — Exploration; 
I'nited  States — History — Discovery   (s) 


83 


Northwest  passage  sec  Arctic  regions 
Northwest  Territory,  United  States    ( Page 

Norway 

Notre  Dame,  Paris 

Nova  Zembla 

Nubia 

Numa  Pompilius,  k'i)ig  of  Rome 

Nunez  Cabega  de  Vaca,  Alvarez 


Nuremberg 

Nursery  rhymes    (Page  16) 

See  also    Poetry — Collections 


Nurses  and  nursing 

Sec  also     Accidents;     Hygiene;     Medi- 
cine;   Nightingale,    Florence;    Red-cross 
Nutmeg  see  Spices 
Nuts  and  nutting 

Sec  also    Chestnuts;    Cocoanuts;    Pea- 
nuts 
Oak  trees 
Obedience 

Obelisks 

Oberjimmergau 

Observation 
Occupations,  Choice  of 

Sec  also  lousiness 


Occupations  for  children    (Page  17) 

See  also  Amusements;  Games;  Handi- 
craft 

Ocean 

See  also  Gulf  stream;  Icebergs;  Phys- 
ical geography;  Sailors;  Sea  stories; 
Ships;  Shipwrecks;  Tides;  Voyages; 
Waves 

Ocean  life 

See  also  Alligators;  Aquariums;  Bar- 
nacles; Coral;  Crabs;  Crocodiles;  Cut- 
tlefish; Fish;  Jellyfish;  Lobsters;  Oj's- 
ters;  Sea  anemones;  Sea  urchins;  Seals 
(animals);  Seashore;  Sponges;  Starfish; 
Walrus;  Whales  and  whaling 

Oceanica 

O'Connell,  Daniel 

Octavius  Caesar  see  Augustus,  Caius  Octa- 
vius,  emperor  of  Rome 

Octopus  see  Cuttlefish 

Odysseus  see  Ulysses 

Oglethorpe,  Gen.  James  Edward 

Ohio 

Ohio  valley 

Oil  painting  sec  Painting 

Oils 

See  also  Petroleum 

Olaf  I   [(Tryggvason),]   king  of  Norway 

Olaf  II,  king  of  Norway 

Old  testament    sec  Bible 


Refer  from    United    States — Exploration; 
United  States — History;   (The)  West 
Refer  from  Scandinavia   (s) 
Refer  from  Cathedrals 


Refer  from  Cabega  de  Vaca,  Alvarez 
Nuiiez  (s);  Vaca,  Alvarez  Nunez  Cabeca 
de   (s) 


Refer  from  Folklore  (s);  Humor;  Mother 
Goose  melodies  (s) ;  Nonsense  rhymes 
(s);    Poetry — Collections;    Rhymes    (s) 

Refer  from   Hygiene;    Medicine;   Trained 

nurses    (s) 


Refer  from   Trees 

Refer  from  Acorns 

Refer  from  Character;  Disobedience  (s) ; 
Ethical  stories 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Egypt — De- 
scription and  travel;   Monuments   (s) 

Refer  from  Miracle  plays;  Passion  play 
(s) 


Refer  from  Business;  Choice  of  occupa- 
tions (s);  Industries;  Professions,  Choice 
of  (s);  Success;  Trades  (s) 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Children; 
Games;  Handicraft;  Recreations  (s) 

Refer  from  Earth;  Natural  history;  Phys- 
ical geography;   Sea  (s);  Seashore;  Tides 


Refer  from  Animal  kingdom  (s);  Ani- 
mals; Fish;  Mollusks  (s);  Seashore;  Sea- 
weeds (s);  Zoology 


84 


Olives 
Olympic  games 

Sec  also    Athletics; 
education;  Sports 
Operas,    Stories    from 


Games;     I'liysical 


Operettas 

See  also  Cantatas;   Plays 

Opium 
Opossums 

Orang-outangs  see  Apes 
Orations 

See  also  Debating;  Readers  and  speak- 
ers. 


Orderliness 

Ordnance  see  Guns 

Oregon  (ship) 

Ores    see    Metals;    Minerals;    Mines    and 
mining. 

Orinoco  river 

Orioles 

Orkney  islands 

Ornithology  see  Birds 

Osceola,  chief  of  the  Seini)w!es 

Ostriches 

Otho,  emperor  of  Rome 

Otis,  James,    {pseud,    [of  James   Otis   Ka- 
ler]) 

Otters 

Outdoor  life 

■  See  also  Camping;  Countrj'  life;  Fish- 
ing; House  boats;  Hunting;  Natural  his- 
torj^;  Nature;  Picnics;  Sports;  Walking. 

Owls 

Oxen  see  Cattle 

Oxford  University 

Oysters 

Pacific  ocean 

Paganini,  Nicolo 
Page,  Thomas  Nelson 
Pageants 

See  also   Coronations;   Fairs;   Plays 


Paint 
Painters 

See  also  Artists;  also  names  of  paint- 
ers, e.  g.  Raphael;  West,  Benjamin 

Painting 

See  also  Art;  Artists;  China  painting; 
Color;  Design;  Drawing;  Painters;  Per- 
spective; Pictures 

Paintings  see  Pictures 

Palestine 

See  also  Dead  sea 

Palestrina,   Giovanni  Pierluigi  da 

Palissy,  Bernard 

Palm  trees 

Panama 

Panama  canal 

Panthers 


Refer  from  Athletics;  Games;  Greece, 
Ancient;  Sports 

Refer  from  Wagner,  Richard — Stories 
from  his  operas  (sj 

Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Cantatas; 
Music;   Plays;  Theater   (.s) 


Refer  from  Addresses  (s) ;  American 
literature;  Debating;  Declamations  (s); 
Elocution  (s);  English  literature;  Litera- 
ture; Readers  and  speakers;  Speeches   (s). 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Kaler,  James  Otis 


Refer  from    Camping;    Country   life;    Na- 
tural history;   Nature;   Sports 


Refer  from   Food;    Mollusks    (s);    Ocean 
life 


Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Amuse- 
ments; Drama;  Festivals  (s);  Pantomime; 
Plays;  Tableaux 


Refer  from  Artists;  Biography;  Painting 


Refer  from    Art;    Oil   painting    (s) ;    Pic- 
tures; Water  color  painting  (s) 


Refer  from  Holy  Land  (s);  Levant 


Refer  from  Canals;  Isthmian  Canal  (s) 
Refer  from  Cougars   (s);   Pumas   (s) 


85 


Pantomime 

Sec  also      I'ageants;       Plays;       Puppet 
shows;    Shadow  pictures;   Tableaux 

Paper 

Paper  money  sec  Money 
Paper  work 


Paraguay 
Parasites 
Paris 

Park,  Mungo 
Parkman,  Francis 

Parliament — England  sec  England — Parlia- 
ment 
Parr,  Samuel 
Parrots 
Parsifal 
Parthenon 

See  also  Athens 
Parties 

Sec  also  Amusements;  Dances;  Picnics 

Partridges  and  quails 

Parzival   see    Parsifal 

Pascal,   Blaise 

Passion  play  see  Oberammergau 

Patagonia 

Patience 

Patrick,  St. 

Patriotic  songs  sec  Songs 

Patriotism 

Sec  also  Citizenship;  Civic  readers; 
Flags;  also  names  of  patriots,  e.  g.  Hale, 
Nathan;  Joan  of  Arc;  Robert  Bruce, 
king  of  Scotland 

Pattison,  Dorothy  Wyndlow 

Paula,  St. 

Paulus,  yEmilius 

Pawnee  Indians 

Payn,  James 

Peabody,    George 

Peace 

See  also  Arbitration 

Peanuts 

Pearls 

Sec  also  Precious  stones 

Peary,   Robert  Edwin 
Peat 

Peccaries 
Peking 

Pelicans 

Pelopidas 

Pembroke,   [John   Hastings,]   carl  of 

Pencils 

Penguins 

Peninsular  war,  1807-14 

Penn,  William 


/\ejcr  from  Actors  and  acting;  Amuse- 
ments; Drama;  Plays;  Puppet  shows; 
Shadow  pictures;  Tableaux 

Refer  from  Manufactures;  Printing; 
Writing 

Refer  from  Art;  Artificial  flowers  (s) ; 
Cardboard  construction  (s) ;  Flowers  (arti- 
ficial)   (s) 

Refer  from    Botany;    Insects 
Refer  from      France  —  Description      and 
travel 


Refer  from    Cockatoos    (s) 

Refer  from    Parzival    (s);    Holy   grail 

Refer  from    Athens 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Children's  par- 
ties   (s) 

Refer  from   Quails   (s) 


Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 
Refer  from   St.   Patrick    (s) 


Refer  from   Citizenship;   Government 


Refer  from  Sister  Dora  (s) 
Refer  from   St.   Paula    (s);   Saints 


Refer  from   Arbitration;   War 
Refer  from    Nuts    and    nutting 

Refer  from  Gems   (s) ;  Jewelry;   Precious 
stones 

Refer  from  Fuel   (s);   Geology;   Heating; 
Physical  geography 

Refer      fro)>i      China — Description      and 
travel 


Refer  from  Hastings,  John,  earl  of  Pem- 
broke   (s) 


Refer  from   France — History 
Refer  from  Pennsylvania 


86 


Pennsylvania 

Sec  also  French  and  Indian  war,  1755- 
63;  Penn,  William;  Philadelphia;  Pitts- 
burgh;  Quakers 

Geography 

Government 

Pens 

I'epper  sec  Spices 

Perfumery 

Pericles 

Perrault,  Charles 

Perry,  Matthew  Calbraith,  commodore 

Perry,  Oliver   Hazard,  coinniodorc 

Perseus 

Perseverance 

Persia 

Perspective 

Peru 

Pescara,  iiiarclicsa  di  sec  Colonna,  Vittoria 

Peter  the  Great,  ccar  of  Russia 

Peter  of  Haarlem 

Peter  the  Hermit 

Petrograd  sec  St.  Petersburg 

Petroleum 

See  also  Gas;   Natural  gas 
Petroleum 

Pets    see    Animals — Care;    also    names    of 

animals,  e.g.  Cats;  Dogs 
Pheasants 
Phelps,    Elizabeth    Stuart    see    Ward,    Mrs 

Elizabeth   Stuart    (Phelps) 
Phidias 
Philadelphia 
Philadelphia  (ship) 

See  also  Decatur,  Stephen 
Philip,   King,  Indian  name   Metacom 
Philip  II,  king  of  Maccdon 
Philip  II,  king  of  Spain 
Philippine  islands 
Phillips,  Wendell 
Philopoemen 
Phips,  Sir  William 
Phocion 
Phoenicia 
Phonograph 

Phosphorescence 

Sec  also  Foxfire 
Photography 

Sec  also    Magic    lanterns;    Moving  pic- 
tures;  Pictures 
Physical  education    (Page  17) 

See  also  Athletics;  Games;  Hygiene; 
Sports 


Physical  geography    (Page  23) 

See  also  Caves;  Climate;  Clouds;  Des- 
erts; Earth;  Earthquakes;  Geography; 
Geology;  Geysers;  Glaciers;  Ice;  Ice- 
bergs; Islands;  Lakes;  Mountains;  Na- 
ture; Ocean;  Peat;  Prairies;  Rain;  Riv- 
ers; Seashore;  Springs;  Storms;  Tides; 
Tropics;  Volcanoes;  Water;  Waves: 
Weather;  Winds. 


Refer     from      Colonial     period,      United 
Stales 

Refer  from  Geography 

Refer  from  Manufactures;   Writing 

Refer  from  Manufactures 
Refer  from  Greece,  Ancient 


Refer  from  War  of   1812 

Refer  from   Heroes  and  heroism 

Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Painting 
Refer  from  Incas   (s) 


Refer  from  Heroes  and  heroism 
Refer  from  Crusades 


Refer  from   Coal  oil   (s);   Fuel   (s);   Gas; 
Geology;  Heating;  Lighting;  Oils 


Refer  from   Pennsylvania 


Refer  from  Metacom  (s) 
Refer  from  Macedonia 

Refer  from    Spanish-American    war,    189& 


Refer  /rom  Graphophone  (s);  .Sound; 
Talking  machines  (s) 

Refer  from  Light 

Refer  from  Art;  Cameras  (s) ;  Light; 
Pictures;   Printing 

Refer  from  Athletics;  College  athletics; 
(s);  Education;  Exercise  (s);  Games; 
Gyiiinasiums;  Gymnastics  (s);  Hygiene; 
Olympic  games;  Physiology;  Recreations 
(s);  Sports 

Refer  from  Climate;  Earth;  Earth- 
quakes; Geography;  Geography,  Physical 
(s);  Geology;  Glaciers;  Icebergs;  Islands; 
Lakes;  Mountains;  Natural  history; 
Ocean;  Physics;  Rivers;  Science;  Tides; 
Volcanoes;  Water 


87 


Physicians  see  Doctors 

Physics 

Sec  also  Air;  Barometer;  Chemistry; 
Electricity;  Evaporation;  Gases;  Gravi- 
tation; Gyroscope;  Heat;  Light;  Mag- 
netism; Mechanics;  Physical  geography; 
Radium;  Scientific  recreations;  Soap 
bubbles;  Sound:  Steam;  Thermometer; 
Water;   Waves;   Weather 

Physiology 

Sec  also  Hygiene;  Man;  Medicine; 
Physical  education;  Sleep 

Piano 

See  also  Musical  instruments 

Picnics 

Picture-books 
Picture  frames 

Picture  galleries  sec  Art  galleries 
Pictures 

Sec  also    Artists;     Drawing;     Etching; 
Moving  pictures;  Painting;  Photography 
Pictures.  Moving  sec  Moving  pictures 
Pierce,    Franklin 
Pigeons 

Pigmies  see  Dwarfs 

Pigs 

Pike,  Zebulon  Montgomery 

Pike's  peak 

Pilgrim  fathers 

See  also  Colonial  period,  United  States; 

Massachusetts;       Plymouth;       Standish, 

Miles;   Thanksgiving  day 
Pilots  and  piloting 
Pine  trees 
Pineapples 

Pins  sec  Needles  and  pins 
Pinzon,   Vicente  Yanez  ' 

Pioneer  life  see  Frontier  life 
Pioneers  see  Frontier  life 
Pirates 


Pisistratus 

Pitcaim  island 

Pitcher,  Molly 

Pitt,  William,  earl  of  Chatham,  1708-78 

Pitt,  William,  1759-1806 
Pittsburgh 
Pizarro,  Francisco 
Planets 

Sec  also     Astronomy;     Earth;     Moon; 
Stars 
Plants    (Page  18) 

See  also  Botany;  Buds;  Bulbs;  Flow^- 
ers;  Fruit;  Fungi;  Galls  (botany);  Gar- 
dens and  gardening;  Herbariums; 
Leaves;  Natural  history;  Roots;  Seeds; 
Trees;  Weeds;  also  names  of  plants,  e.g. 
Ferns,   Gentians 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Electricity; 
Gravitation;  Heat;  Light;  Magnetism; 
Mechanics;  Science;  Sound 


Refer  from  Anatomy  (s);  Body,  Human 
(s);  Hygiene;  Man;  Medicine 

Refer  from   Musical    instruments 
Refer  from  Amusements;    Outdoor    life; 
Parties 


Refer  from  Art;  House  decoration;  Paint- 
ing;  Paintings  (s);  Photography 


Refer  from  Carrier  pigeons  (s) ;  Doves 
(s);  Poultry 

Refer  from  Farming;  Swine  (s) 

Refer  from  Rocky  mountains 

Refer  from  Biography;  Colonial  period, 
United  States;  Mayflower  (ship)  (s); 
New  England;  Plymouth;  Puritans  (s) 

Refer  from  Harbors 

Refer  from  Evergreens  (s) 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Buccaneers  (s); 
Naval  battles;  Naval  life;  Sea  stories; 
Voyages 


Refer  from   Chatham,  William   Pitt,  earl 
of  (s) 

Refer  from  Pennsylvania 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Solar  system 
(s);  Stars 

Refer  from  Botany;  Bulbs;  Farming; 
Flowers;  Gardens  and  gardening;  Na- 
tural history;  Nature;  Roots;  Seeds 


Play  see  Amusements;   Athletics;   Games; 
Kindergarten — Games  and  songs;  Sports 


88 


Plays    (Page  18) 

-Va'  also  Actors  and  acting;  Cantatas; 
Charades;  Christmas — Plays;  Dialogues; 
Drama;  Dramatic  readers;  (.iamcs; 
Miracle  plays;  Moving  pictures;  Uperei- 
tas;  Pageants;  Pantomime;  Puppet 
shows;  Shadow  pictures;  Tableaux 

Pliny,  the  elder 
Pliny,  the  younger 
Plymouth 

See    also     Pilgrim     fatliers;     Standish, 
Miles 
Pocahontas 
Poe,  Edgar  Allan 
Poetry     (Page    15) 

Sec  also  Literature;   Poets 


Collections    (Page  15) 

Sec  also  Ballads;  Hymns;  Nursery 
rhymes;  Quotations;  Readers  and 
speakers;  Songs;  also  various  subjects, 
subhead  Poetry,  e.  g.  Animals  — 
Poetry,  Christmas — Poetry,  Nature — 
Poetry;  Flowers — Poetry 

Poets 

Sec  also  Authors;    Poetrj';   also   names 
of  poets,  e.  g.  Burns,  Robert 

Poitiers,  Battle  of,  1356 

Poland 

Polar  regions  see  Antarctic  regions;  Arctic 
regions 

Politeness   see   Manners 

Politics  sec  Government 

Polk,  James  Knox 

Pollen 

Polo,  Marco 

Pompeii 

Pompey  the  Great 

Ponies  see  Horses 

Ponce  de  Leon  [Juan] 

Pontiac,  chief  of  the  Ottawas 

Pope,  Alexander 

Poplar  trees 

Popocatepetl 

Poppies 

Porcelain  sec  Pottery 

Porcupines 

Port  Arthur,   Siege   of,   1904 

Porter,  Capt.  David 

Porter,  Admiral  David  Dixon 

Porto  Rico 

Ports  sec  Harbors 

Portugal 

Post-office  see  Mail  service 

Postage  stamps  sec  Stamps 

Potatoes 

See  also  Vegetables 
Potter,  Paul 
Pottery 

See  also    China   painting;    Clay    model- 
ing; Industries 


Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Amateur 
theatricals  (s);  Amusements;  Cantatas; 
Charades;  Costume;  Dialogues;  Drama; 
Dramatic  readers;  Operettas;  Pageants; 
Pantomime;  Private  theatricals  (s);  Pup- 
pet shows;  Tableaux;  Theater  (s);  The- 
atricals, Amateur   (s) 


Refer  from    Mayflower    (ship)     (s);    I'il- 
?rim   fathers 
Refer  from  Indians  of  America 


Refer  from  American  literature;  Ameri- 
can poetry  (s);  Ballads;  English  litera- 
ture;  Literature;   Poets;    Rhymes   (s) 

Refer  from  Hymns;  Nursery  rhymes; 
Readers  and  speakers 


Refer  from  American  literature:  Authors; 
Biography;   English  literature;   I'oetry 


Refer  from  Marco  Polo   (s) 


Refer  from  Leon,  Ponce  de   (s) 

Refer  from  French  and  Indian  war,  1755- 
63;   Indians  of  America 


Refer  from  Volcanoes 


Refer  from  Puerto  Rico  (s) ;  West  Indie; 


Refer  from  Vegetables 

Refer  from    Art;    Chinaware    (s);    Indus- 
tries;  Manufactures;  Porcelain  (s) 


89 


Poultry 

Sec  also     Chickens;     Ducks;     Eggs; 
Geese;  Pigeons;  Turkeys 
Power  boats  sec  Motor  boats 
Powhatan,  Indian  chief 
Prairie  dogs 
Prairies 

Praxitefes 

Preachers  sec  Ministers;   Preaching 
Preaching 

Sec  also  Ministers 

Preble,  Edward,  coiiDiiodore 
Precious  stones 

See  also  Diamonds;  Jewelry;  Pearls 

Prehistoric  man  see  Man — Prehistoric 
Prescott,  William   H[ickling] 
Presidents 


Prester  John 

Pribilof  islands 

Pride 

Primers     (Page    16) 

Set  also  Readers  and  speakers 

Primitive  man  sec  Man — Prehistoric 

Primroses 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Princes  in  the  Tower 

Printing 

See  also    Calico   printing;    Paper;    Pho- 
tography 
Printing 


Prisons 

See  also  Andersonville  prison;  Bas- 
tille;   Libby   prison 

Private  theatricals  see  Plays 

Professions,  Choice  of  see  Occupations, 
Choice  of 

Prometheus 

Promptness 

Proverbs 

See  also  Quotations 

Public  health  see  Hygiene,  Public 

Public   schools  see  Schools 

Pueblo  Indians  see  Clifif  dwellers;   Indians 

of  America 
Puerto  Rico  see  Porto  Rico 
Pulcheria,  Byzantine  empress 
Pullman,  George  Mortimer 
Pumas  sec  Panthers 
Pumpkins 
Pumps 

Sec  also    Machinery;    Water   supply 

Punch  and  Judy  shows  see  Puppet  shows 
Punctup.lity  sec  Promptness 


Refer  from    Chickens;    Ducks;    Farming; 
Geese;  Hens;  Turkeys 


Refer  from    Physical    geography;     (The) 
West 


Refer  from  Ministers;  Preachers  (s) ;  Re- 
liijion 


Refer  from    Diamonds;    Gems    (s);    Jca 
elry;    Minerals;    Pearls;    Stone 


Refer  from  Biography;  Inauguration  of 
the  presidents  of  the  U.  S.  (s);  Kings  and 
rulers;  United  States — Biography  (s); 
United  States — Government;  United  States 
— Presidents  (s) 

Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 

Refer  from  Alphabet;  Language;  Read- 
ers and  speakers 


Refer  from    Books    and    reading;    Indus- 
tries; Type  (s) 


Refer  from    Character;    Ethical    stories; 
Punctuality  (s) 

Refer  from      Folklore      (s);      Literature; 
Maxims   (s);   Mottoes   (s);   Quotations 


Refer  from  Engines;   Machinery;   Water 
supply 


90 


Punic  wars 

St'c  also  Rome,  Ancient 
Puppet  shows 

Sec  also  Pantomime;   Plays 


Purcell,  Henry 

I'uritans  sec   Pilgrim   fatliers 

Pussy  willows 

Putnam,  Gcii.  Israel 

Puzzles  see  Riddles;  Tricks  and  puzzles 

Pygmies  sec  Dwarfs 

Pyramids 


Pyrography 

Sec  also  Handicraft 

Pyrrhus,  king  of  Ef'irus 

Quails  sec  Partridges  and  quails 

Quakers 

Sec  also  Pennsylvania 

Quarries  see  Granite;   Marble;   Rocks 
Quebec 

Quebec,   Siege  of,   1759 
Queen  Anne's  War,   1702-13 

Sec  also  Colonial  period,  United  States 
Queens 

Sec  also   names   of   queens,   e.  g.    Mary, 
queen  of  Scots 
Quicksilver  sec  Mercurj^ 
Quotations 

See  also  Proverbs 

Rabbits 

Raccoons 

Radium 

Sec  also  X  rays 
Raffia  work 

Sec  also  Baskets 

Railroads 

Sec  also  Electric  railroads;  Engineer- 
ing; Locomotives;  Steam  engines; 
Street  railroads;  Transportation;  Tun- 
nels 

Stories 

Railways  sec   Railroads 
Rain 

See  also  Storms;   Weather 

Rainbow 

Raisins 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter 

Rameses  II,  the  Great 

Ranch  life 

See  also  Frontier  life;   (The)   West 

Randolph,  John 

Raphael 

Rats 

Ravens 


Refer  from    Rome,   Ancient 

Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Amuse- 
ments; Drama;  Pantomime;  Plays;  Punch 
and  Judy  shows  (s) 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Egypt  —  De- 
scription and  travel;  Monuments  (s); 
Tombs 

Refer  from  Art;  Burnt  wood  work  (s); 
Handicraft;  Woodwork  (s) 


Refer  from  Friends,  Society  of  (s)  ;  Penn- 
sj'Ivania 

Refer  from      Canada  —  Description      and 
travel 


Refer  from  Colonial  period,  United  States 

Refer  from    Biography;    Girls;    History; 
Kings  and  rulers;   Women — Biography 


Refer  from  Literature;  Mottoes   (s);  Po- 
etry— Collections;    Proverbs 
Refer  from  Hares    (s) 
Refer  from  Coons  (s) 

Refer  from  X  raj^s;   Physics 

Refer  from   Baskets;    Handicraft;   Weav- 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Engineering;  Lo- 
comotives; Railways  (s);  Roads;  Trans- 
portation 

Refer  from  Train  stories   (s) 


Refer  from  Climate;  Physical  geography; 
Storms;  Water;  Weather 


Refer  from  Cowbo}'s(s);  Farming;  Fron- 
tier life;    (The)   West 

Refer  from  Painters 


91 


Readers  and  speakers    (Page  16) 

Sec  also  Books  and  reading;  Civic 
readers;  Debating;  Dialogues;  Dramatic 
readers;  Geography — Readers;  Orations; 
Poetry — Collections;  I'rimcrs 


Refer  from  American  literature;  Decla- 
mations (s);  Dialogues;  Elocution  (s) ; 
English  literature;  Humor;  Literature; 
Orations;  Poetry  —  Collections;  Primers;- 
Recitations  (s) ;  Speakers  (s);  Speeches 
(s) 


Reading  sec  Books  and  reading 

Recamier,  Mine  [Jeanne  Frangoise  Ade- 
laide (Bernard)] 

Recitations   sec   Readers   and   speakers 

Recreations. jiTt'  Amusements;  Games;  Oc- 
cupations for  children;  Physical  educa- 
tion;  Sports 

Red-cross 

Red  Jacket,  Indian  name  Sagoyewatha 

Reformation 

Sec  also  Thirty  years'  war,   1618-48 

Regulus 

Reid,  Samuel  Chester 

Reindeer 

Religion 

Sec  also  Bible  stories;  Buddha  and 
Buddhism;  Druids;  Hymns;  Jesus  Christ; 
Miracle  plays;  Missionary  work;  Mo- 
hammed and  Mohammedanism;  Myths; 
Preaching;   Saints 

Rembrandt   [van  Ryn] 

Remus,  Uncle,  pseud  sec  Harris,  Joel  Chan- 
dler 

Reni,  Guido  see  Guido  Reni 

Reptiles 

See  also  Alligators;  Crocodiles;  Liz- 
ards; Snakes 

Resources  see  Conservation;  Industries 

Retreat  of  the  ten  thousand 

Revere,  Paul 

Revolutionary  Vv^ar,  United  States  see 
American   revolution 

Reynolds,  Sir  Joshua 

Rhine  river 

Rhinoceros 

Rhodes 

Rhymes  see  Nursery  rhymes;  Poetry 

Ribera,  Jusepe,   called   Spagnoletto 

Rice 

Richard  I,  king  of  England 

Richard  II,  king  of  England 

Richard  III,  ki)ig  of  England 

Richard  the  Fearless,  duke  o^  Nor)nandy 

Richard    the    Lion-hearted   sec    Richard    I, 

king  of  England 
Richards,  Mrs  Laura  E[lizabeth   (Howe)] 
Richelieu,     [Armand     Jean     du     Plessis], 

cardinal   [de] 
Richter,  Jean  Paul 
Riddles 

See  also  Charades;  Tricks  and  puzzles 


Refer  from    Nurses   and   nursing 
Refer  from    Sagoyewatha    (s) 

Refer  from    Europe — History;     Germany 
-History;    History;    Middle   ages 


Refer  from   Deer;   Zoology 


Refer  from  Alligators;  Animals;  Snakes; 
Zoology 

Refer  from  Greece,  Ancient 


Refer  from  Spagnoletto,  Jose  Ribera. 
called   (s) 

Refer  from    Farming;    Grain 

Refer  from  Richard  the  Lion-hearted  (s); 
Crusades 


Refer  from    Du     Plessis,    Armand    Jean, 
cardinal  de   Richelieu  (s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Charades;  Con- 
undrum.s  (s);  Puzzles  (s);  Tricks  and 
puzzles 


92 


Riding 

Sec  also      Horses;      Hunting;      Stage- 
coaclies 
Ricnzi,   Cola   di 
Rittenhouse,   David 
Rivers 

Sec  also    Dams;    Physical    geography; 
Water  power;  Water  supply;  also  names 
of  rivers,  e.  g.,  Congo  river,   Mississippi 
river 
Roach,  John 
Roads 

Sec  also  Engineering;  Railroads;  Street 
cleaning;    Street   railroads 
Robert  Bruce,   king   of  Scotland 

Roberts,  Alarshall  Owen 

Robertson,  James 

Robin   Hood 

Robins 

Rockhill,  William  Woodville 

Rocks 

Sec  also    Geology;    Granite;    Minerals; 

Slate;  Stone 
Rocky  mountains 

Sec  also  Pike's  peak;   (The)  West 
Rodney,   [George  Brydges  Rodney,]  baron 
Roentgen  rays  sec  X  rays 
Roland 

Roland,   Mine    [Marie   Jeanne    (Philipon)] 
Rollo,  duke  of  Normandy 
Roman   history  see   Rome,  Ancient 
Roman  literature  see  Latin  literature — ^Col- 
lections 
Roman  mythology  see  Myths — Greek  and 

Roman 
Romances  sec  Arthur,  King;  Charlemagne  I 

romances;  Legends  ' 

Romania  sec  Roumania 
Rome,  Ancient 

Sec  also  Gauls;  Punic  wars;  also  names 

of  persons,  e.  g.,  Cassar,  Julius;  Romulus, 

king  of  Rome 
Rome   (city) 

Sec  also    Catacombs;     Colosseum;     St. 

Peter's,    Rome;   Vatican 
Romney,  George 
Romulus,  king  of  Rome 
Roosevelt,   Theodore 
Roostam  see  Rustem 
Roots 

Sec  also  Botany;  Plants 
Rope 

See  also  Cables;   Knots 
Rosas,  Juan  Manuel  de 
Rosecrans,  Gen.  William  Starke 
Roses 

Rosetta  stone 

Rossini,  Gioacchino  Antonio 
Rotterdam 
Roumania 

Round  Table  sec  Arthur,  King 
Rowing 

See  also    Boats    and    boating;    Canoes 

and  canoeing;  Sports 


Refer  from   Anniscnients;    Horsemanship 
(s) ;  Sports 


Refer  from  Engineering;  Physical  geog- 
raphy; Transportation;  Water;  Water 
supply 


Refer  from    Engineering;    Transportation 

Refer  from  Bruce,   Robert,  king  of  Scot- 
land (s) ;  Patriotism 


Refer  from  Folklore   (s);   Legends 
Refer  froin  Birds 


Refer  from  Geology;    Granite;    Minerals; 
Quarries  (s);  Stone 

Refer  from  Mountains;   (The)   West 
Refer  from  Folklore   (s) ;  Legends 


(Page  10) 

Refer  from  Gauls;   Punic  wars 

Refer  from   Rome,   Ancient 
Refer  from  Flowers;  Plants 


Refer  from    Romania    (s) 


Refer  from    Athletics;    Boat    racing 
Boats  and  boating;   Sports 


(s); 


93 


Rubber 

Rubens,  Peter  Paul 
Rugs 

See  also    Carpets;    House    decoration; 
Weaving 
Ruins  sec  Archaeology 
Rulers  see  Kings  and  rulers 
Rumford,    [Benjamin  Thompson,]    count 
Running 

See  also  Athletics;  Walking 

Rupert,  Prince 
Russell,  William  Clark 
Russia 

Army 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  Siberia;  also  names  of  cities, 
e.  g.  Moscow 
Russo-Turkish  war  see  Crimean  war 
Rustem 

Ruyter,  Michel  Adriaanszoon  de 
Sagas     (Page    11) 

See  also   Frithjof;   Grettir  the    Strong; 

Njals  Saga 
Sagoyewatha  see  Red  Jacket,  Indian  name 

Sagoyewatha 
Sahara  desert 

Sailing 

See    Boats    and    boating;    Ice    boats; 
Ships;   Yachts  and  yachting 
Sailors 

See  also  Naval  life;  Sea  stories;  Ships 

St.   Augustine  see  Augustine,    St.   abp.   of 

Canterbury 
St.  Augustine,  Fla. 
St.  Bartholomew's  day.  Massacre  of 

See  also  Huguenots 

St.  Bernard  pass 

St.    Boniface   see   Boniface,    St. 

St.  Catharine  of  Siena  see  Catharine  of 
Siena,   St. 

St.  Christopher  sec  Christopher,  St. 

St.  Clair,  Gen.  Arthur 

St.  Clotilda  see  Clotilda,  St.  queen  of  the 
Franks 

St.  Columba  see  Columba,  St. 

St.   Cuthbert  see  Cuthbert,  St. 

St.  Elizabeth  of  Hungary  see  Elizabeth  of 
Hungary,    St. 

St.  Francis  of  Assisi  sec  Francis  of  Assisi, 
St. 

St.  George  sec  George,  St. 

St.  Helena. sec  Helena,  St. 

St.  Helena  island 

St.  Lawrence  river 

St.  Margaret  see  Margaret,  queen  of  Scot- 
land 

St.  Parick  see  Patrick,  St. 

St.  Patrick's  day 

St.  Paula  see  Paula,  St. 


Refer  from  Gutta-percha  (s);  India-rub- 
ber  (s);   Manufactures 


Refer  from    Carpets;    Cloth;    Handicraft; 
House  decoration;  Weaving 


Refer  from  Thompson,  Sir  Benjamin  (s) 

Refer     from     Athletics;     exercise     (s) ; 
Sports 


Refer  from    Sohrab    and    Rustem    (s) 
Roostam  (s) 

Refer  from  Folklore  (s);  Legends;  Liter- 
ature;  Myths;   Norsemen;   Stories   (s) 


Refer    from     Africa — Description     and 
travel;  Deserts 


Refer    from     Biography;     Ocean;     Sea 
stories;  Seamen  (s);  Ships;  Voyages 


Refer  front  France — History;  Huguenots; 
Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew  (s) 

Refer  from  Switzerland — Description  and 
travel 


Refer  fr?m  Days  (s) ;  Holidays 


94 


St.  Paul's  cathedral,  London 

St.  Peter's,  Rome 

St.   Petersburg 

Saint    Pierre,    [Jacques   Henri]    Bcrnanlin 

dc 
St.   Sophia  mosque 
St.  Theresa  sec  Theresa,  St. 
St.     Thomas     a     Becket     sec     Thomas     a 

Becket,   St. 
St.   Valentine's  day  sec  Valentine's  day 
St.  Vincent  [John  Jervis,]   carl 

St.  Vincent  de   Paul  see  \'incent   de   Paul, 

St. 
St.  Xavier  see  Francisco  Xavier,  St. 
Saints 

Sec  also  names  of  saints,  e.  g.   Helena, 

St.;    Paula,   St. 
Saladin,  sultan  of  Egypt  and  Syria 
Salt,  Sir  Titus 
Salt 

Salvador 
Samoan  islands 
Sandalwood 

Sandwich  islands  see  Hawaiian  islands 

Saragossa,   Siege  of,   1808 

Sardinia 

Sarto,   Andrea  del  sec  Andrea   del  Sarto 

Savonarola,   Girolamo 

Sawmills 

Sec  also  Lumbering- 
Saxons  sec  Anglo-Saxons 
Scaevola,    [C.   Mucins] 

Scandinavia   sec    Denmark;    Iceland;    Nor- 
way; Sweden 
Scarlet  tanagers 

Schiller,  Johann[Christoph   Friedrich  von] 
School  gardens 

Sec  also  Gardens  and  gardening 
School   stories 

Schools 

Sec  also  Christ's  hospital,  London;  Col- 
leges;  Education 

Schubert,  Franz  Peter 

Schumann,  Robert 

Schwatka,   Frederick 

Schweinfurth,  Georg  August 

Science    (Page  18j 

Sec  also  Astronomy;  Botany;  Chem- 
istry; Electricity;  Evolution;  Geography; 
Geology;  Inventions;  Minerals;  Natural 
history;  Nature;  Physical  geography; 
Physics;  Scientific  recreations;  Scien- 
tists; Zoology 

Scientific  recreations    (Page  17) 

Scientists 

Sec  also    Doctors;    Explorers;    Invent- 
ors;    also     names     of     scientists,     e.    g. 
Audubon,  John  James 
Scipio,    [Publius   Cornelius] 


Refer  from  Cathedrals;  London 
Refer  from   Cathedrals;    Rome    (city) 
Refer  from  Petrograd   (s) 
Refer  from    Bernardin    de    Saint    Pierre, 
Jacques   Henri   (s) 


Refer  from    Jervis,    John,    earl    St.    Vin- 
cent  (s) 


Refer  from    Biography;    Legends;    Relig- 
ion 


Refer  from     Geology;     Minerals;     Mines 
ind  mining 


Refer  from  Italj' — Description  and  travel 


Refer     from      Lumbering;      Machinery; 
Trees 

Refer  from  Mucins,    Caius    (s) 


Refer  from   Gardens   and   gardening 
Refer  from  Boarding  school  stories   (s); 
College  stories   (s) ;  Stories  (s) 

Refer    from    Education;     Public   schools 
(s);  Teachers 


Refer    from     Discoveries     (in     science): 
Natural  history;   Nature 


Refer    from     Amusements;     Chemistr\- 
Experiments   (s);  Physics;  Science 

Refer  from  Biographj';  Science 


95 


Scotland 

Description    and   travel 

Sec  also    names    of    cities,    e.g.    Edin- 
burgh 

Scott,  John,  earl  of  Eldon  see  Eldon,  John 
Scott,   earl  of 

Scott,  Sir  Walter 

Scott,  Gen.  Winfield 

Scouts  and  scouting  sec  Boy  scouts 

Screws  sec  Nails  and  screws 

Sculptors 

Sec  also  Artists;  also   names   of  sculp- 
tors,  e.  g.   Michael  Angelo 

Sculpture 

Sec  also  Art;   Clay  modeling;   Liberty, 
Statue  of;  Sculptors;  Wood  carving 

Sea  sec  Ocean 

Sea  anemones 

Sea  fights  sec  Naval  battles 

Sea  lions  sec  Seals   (animals) 

Sea   stories 

Sec  also    Naval    life;    Pirates;    Sailors; 
Shipwrecks 

Sea  urchins 

Seals   (animals) 

Seamen  see  Sailors 
Seashore 

Sec  also  Ocean;  Ocean  life 


Seasons 

Sec  also     Autumn; 
Weather;    Winter 


Spring;     Summer; 


Seattle,  last  great  chief  of  IJ'asIiiiigton 

Seaweeds  see  Ocean  life 

Seeds 

See  also  Botany;  Plants 

Distribution 

Self-control 

Selfishness 

Semiramis,  queen  of  Assyria 

Seneca,  Lucius  Annaeus 

Sequoyah  see  Guess,  George,  Indian  name 

Sequoyah 
Serapis    (ship)    sec    Bon    Homme    Richard 

and  Serapis  (ships) 
Serpents  sec  Snakes 
Sertorius 
Servia 

See  also  Balkan  states 
Service 

Seven  sleepers  of  Ephesus 
Seven  wonders  of  the  world 
Seven  years'  war,   1756-63 

Sevier,  John 

Seville 

Seward,  William  H[enry] 

Sewing 

See  also  Beadwork;  Crocheting;  Drawn 
work;  Dressmaking;  Embroidery;  Knit- 
ting; Lace;  Tapestry 


Refer  from    Artists;    Biography;     Sculp- 
ture 


Refer  from  Art;   Carving;   (s);  Modeling 
(s);   Statues    (s) 


Refer  from  Ocean  life 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Naval  life;  Ocean; 
Sailors;  Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Furs;  Ocean  life;  Sea  lions 
(s) 


Refer  from  Ocean  life;  Physical  geogra- 
phy 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Autumn;  Cli- 
mate; Nature;  Spring;  Summer;  Weather; 
Winter 


Refer  from    Botany;    Farming:    Gardens 
and   gardening;    Plants 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 
Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Balkan  states 

Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 

Refer  from  Wonders  of  the  world   (s) 
Refer  from  France — History;  French  and 
Indian   war,    1755-63 


Refer  from  Art;  Dressmaking;  Embroid- 
ery; Fancy  work  (s) ;  Handicraft;  Needle- 
work (s) 


96 


Sewing  machines 

Sec  also  Howe,  Elias 
Shadow  pictures 

Sec  also  Pantomime 
Shadows 

Shakespeare,  William 
Shamrock 
Sharks 

Shaw,   Robert   Gould  • 

Sheep 

See  also  Wool 
Shelley,  Percy  Bysshe 
Shells 

Sheridan,  Gen.   Philip  Henry 
Sheridan's   ride 

Sherman,  Gcti.  William  Tecumseh 
Sherman's  march 
Shetland  islands 
Shipbuilding 

See  also  Armor  plate:  Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Yachts  and  yachting 


Refer  from   Machinery 

Refer  from  Pantomime;  Plays 


Refer  from  Farming;  W^ool 

Refer  from   Mollusks    (s) 
Refer  from  Soldiers 


Refer  from  Industries;  Navies(s);  Steam- 
boats 


Ships 

Sec  also  Boats  and  boating;  Ice  boats; 
Lightships;    Naval   life;   Sailors;   Steam- 
boats; Sumbarine  boats;  Torpedo  boats; 
W^arships;  Yachts  and  yachting 
Shipwrecks 

See  also  Life-saving 


Shoes 

Shooting  sec  Guns;  Hunting;  Sports 

Shooting  stars  see  Meteors 

Shore,  John,  baron  Teignmouth  sec  Teign- 

mouth,  John  Shore,  baron 
Shorthand 
Shotguns  sec  Guns 
Shovel,  Sir  Cloudesley 
Shrimps 
Siam 
Siberia 

Sicilian  vespers 

Sicily 

Siddons,  Mrs  Sarah   (Kemble) 

Sidney,  Algernon 

Sidney,  Sir  Philip 

Siegfried 

Signals 

Sec  also    Buoys;    Flags;    Lighthouses; 
Lightships;    Telegraph;    Wireless   teleg- 
raphy 
Silk 

Sec  also  Silkworms 
Silkw^orms 

Silver 

Sec  also  Coins;  Metals;  Mines  and  min- 
ing; Money 
Simon    de    Montfort  sec   Montfort,    Simon 
de,  earl  of  Leicester 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Fleets 
(s) ;  Naval  life;  Ocean;  Sailing  (.s);  Sail- 
ors; Transportation 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Adventure;  Dis- 
asters (s);  Life-saving;  Ocean;  Sea 
stories;  Wrecks  (s) 

Refer  from  Boots  (s);  Clothing;  Cos- 
tume;   Leather;    Manufactures 


Refer  from  Business;   Stenography   (s); 
Writing 


Refer     from     Russia — Description     and 
travel 

Refer  from  Italy — Description  and  travel 


Refer  from  Folklore  (s)  ;  Germany — Folk- 
lore; Legends 

Refer  from  Armies  (s) 


Refer  from  Cloth 

Refer  from   Cocoons    (s):    Moths;    Silk; 
Worms; 

Refer  from  Mines  and  mining 


97 


Singapore 

Singers  see  Musicians,  also  names  of  Sing- 
ers, e.g.   Lind,  Jenny 

Singing  sec  Hymns;  Music;  Songs 

Sister  Dora  see  Pattison,  Dorothy  Wynd- 
low 

Sitting    Bull,    great    medicine    chief   of    the 
Sioux 

Skating 

See  also  Hockey 

Skees  see   Snowshoes 

Skilfulness 

Skis  sec  Snowshoes 

Skunks 

Sky 

See  also  Astronomy;  Aurora  Borealis; 
Clouds;   Stars;   Weather 

Slate 

Slavery 

I  See  also  Civil  war,  United  States;  Ne- 
groes;  (The)   South 


Sleds 
Sleep 

Sleight   of  hand  see  Magic 

Smelting  see  Metals 

Smith,  Adam 

Smith,    [Francis]    Hopkinson 

Smith,  Capt.  John 

Smoking   see   Tobacco 

Smuggling 

Snails 

Snakes 

Sec  also  Reptiles 

Snow 

Snowshoes 

Soap 

Soap  bubbles 

Society  islands 

Socrates 

Sohrab   and   Rustem  see   Rustem 

Soils 

See  also  Farming;  Gardens  and  gar- 
dening 

Solar  engines 

Solar  system  see  Astronomy;  Planets;  Sun 

Soldiers 

See  also  Army  life;  Battles;  Naval  life; 
United  States — Army;  West  Point  Mili- 
tary Academy;  also  names  of  soldiers, 
e.  g.   Sheridan,   Gen.   Philip   Henry 

Solomon  islands 

Solon 

Somers,  Richard 

Somerset,  Lady  Isabel 

Songs    (Page  16) 

See  also  Ballads;  Christmas — Songs; 
College  songs;  Folk  songs;  Hymns 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Athletics;  Ice; 
Sports;   Winter   sports    (s) 


Refer  from   Astronomy;    Clouds 

Refer  from  Rocks;  Stone 

Refer  from  Abolition  of  slavery  (s) ; 
Antislavery  (s)  ;  Colored  people  (s);  Gov- 
ernment; History;  Negroes;  (The)  South; 
Underground   railroad    (s) 

Refer  from  Hygiene;    Physiology 


Refer  from  Commerce 


Refer  from  Reptiles;  Serpents  (s);  Zo- 
ology 

Refer  from  Frost;  Storms;  Water; 
Weather 

Refer  from  Skees  (s);  Skis  (s);  Sports; 
Winter  sports  (s) 

Refer  from  Manufactures 

Refer  from  Amusements;   Physics 


Refer  from   Farming;   Geology 
Refer  from   Engines;    Heat;    Sun 


Refer  from  Armies   (s);  Army  life;  Bi- 
ography 


Refer  from  Ballads;  Carols  (s);  Folk 
songs;  Hjmms;  Music;  National  songs 
Cs) ;  Patriotic  songs  (s);  Poetry — Collec- 
tions;   Singing    (s);   War   songs    (s) 


98 


Soto,  Hernando  de 
Soudan  sec  Sudan 
Sound 

See  also  Music;  Phonograph;  Physics; 
Telephone 
(The)    South 

Sec     also     Ku-Klux     Klan;     Negroes; 
Slavery;  also  names  of  Southern   states, 
e.  g.  Florida,  Georgia 
South   Africa   sec  Africa,    South 
South  African  war,  1899-1902  see  Boer  war, 

1899-1902 
South  America 

Description   and   travel 

See  also  Amazon  river;  Andes  moun- 
tains;   also    names    of    countries,    e.  g. 
.Brazil,  Chile 
South  pole  see  Antarctic  regions 
Southey,  Robert 
Spagnoletto,  Jose  Ribera,  called  see  Ribera, 

Jusepe,  called  Spagnoletto 
Spain 

Description  and  travel 

Sec  also  Alhambra;  Balearic  isles; 
Escorial;  Gibraltar;  also  names  of 
cities,  e.  g.  Toledo 

History 

See    also     (The)     Cid;     Inquisition; 
Moors;    Spanish-American    war,    1898; 
Spanish  armada,  1588 
Spanish-American  war,   1898 

Sec  also  Cuba;   Philippine  islands 


Spanish  armada,  1588 

Sec  also     England — History;      Spain- 
History 


Spanish  succession,  War  of,  1701-14 


Sparrows 

Speakers  see  Readers  and  speakers 
Speeches  see  Orations;  Readers  and  speak- 
ers 
Speke,  John  Hanning 
Spenser,  Edmund 
Sphinx 

Spices 

Spiders 

Spinning 

Sec  also   Cloth 

Spinoza,   Benedictus  de 

Spitzbergen 

Sponges 

Spool   knitting 

Sports    (Page  17) 

See  also  Aeroplanes;  Amusements; 
Archery;  Athletics;  Automobiles;  Bal- 
loons; Baseball;  Basket-ball;  Bicycles 
and  bicycling;   Boats  and  boating;   Boy 


Refer  from  De  Soto,  Hernando  (s) 
Refer  from    I'hysics 
Refer  from  Slavery 

Refer  from  America  (s) 


Refer  from  Travel 


Refer  from  Spanish  armada,  1588 


Refer  from  Cuba;  Cuban  war  (s);  Spain 
— History;  United  States — History;  United 
States — History — 'Spanish-American       war 

(s) 

Refer  from  Armada,  1588  (s);  England — 
History;  Naval  battles;  Navies  (s);  Spain 
— History 

Refer  from  France — History;  Germany — 
History;  War  of  the  Spanish  succession 
(s) 

Refer  from   Birds 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Egypt — De- 
scription and  travel 

Refer  from  Cinnamon  (s);  Cloves  (s) ; 
Ginger  (s) ;  Nutmeg  (s) ;  Pepper  (s) 


Refer  from  Cloth 


Refer  from  Ocean  life 
Refer  from  Knitting 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Amusements; 
Athletics;  College  athletics  (s);  Country 
life;  Games;  Hunting;  Olympic  games; 
Outdoor  life;  Physical  education;  Play  (s); 


99 


Sports — Continued 

scouts;  Bullfights;  Camping;  Canoes 
and  canoeing;  Diving;  Falconry;  Fenc- 
ing; Fishing;  Football;  Games;  Golf; 
Hockey;  Horizontal  bar;  Hunting;  Ice 
boats;  Kites;  Motor  cycles;  Olympic 
games;  Outdoor  life;  Physical  education; 
Riding;  Rowing;  Running;  Skating; 
Snowshoes;  Swimming;  Tennis;  Tobog- 
gans; Tracking;  Walking;  Yachts  and 
Yachting 

Spring 

Sec  also  Seasons 

Springs 

Sec  also  Geysers 

Spurgeon,  Charles  Haddon 

Squids,  sec  Cuttlefish 
Squirrels 

Stael,      Mine     de      [Stael-Holstein,      Anne 
Louise  Germaine   (Necker),  baronne  de] 

Stage-coaches 

Stamp   act,   1765 

See  also  American  revolution;  Colonial 
period,  United  States 
Stamps 

Standish,  Miles 

Stanford,  Leland 

Stanley,   Sir   Henry   M[orton] 

Stanton,   Mrs   Elizabeth   (Cady) 

Starfish 

Stark,  Gen.  John 

Stars 

See  also  Astronomy;  Meteors;  Planets. 
Statesmen 

Sec    also     names     of    statesmen,     e.  g. 
Clay,  Henry 
Statues  see  Liberty,  Statue  of;  Sculpture 
Steam 

Sec  also  Heating 

Steam   engines 

Sec  also  Locomotives;  Watt,  James 

Steamboats 

Sec  also  Fulton,   Robert:   Shipbuilding; 
Warships;  Yachts  and  yachting 

Stedman,  Edmund  Clarence 
Steel 

Sec  also    Armor    plate;    Bessemer,    Sir 
Henry;   Cutlery;  Iron;  Swords;  Tools 
Steele,  Sir  Richard 

Stencil  work 

Stenography  see  Shorthand 
Stephen  of  Cloyes 
Stephens,    Alexander    Hamilton 
Stephenson,  George 
Stephenson,  Robert 
Stereopticons  see  Magic  lanterns 
Stevenson,  Robert  Louis 


Recreations    (s);    Rowing;    Shooting    (s) ; 
Winter  sports   (s) 


Refer  from  Seasons 

Refer  from    Geology;    Geysers;    Physical 
geography;  Water;   Water  supply 


Refer  from  Holstein,  Anne  Louise 
Germaine   (Necker),  baronne  de  Stael   (s) 

Refer  from  Coaches  and  coaching  (s) ; 
Riding;  Transportation 

Refer  from  American  revolution; 
Colonial  period.  United  States 

Refer  from  Collectors  and  collecting; 
Mail  service;  Postage  stamps  (s) 

Refer  from  Pilgrim  fathers;  Plymouth 

Refer  from  Africa — Exploration 
Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Astronomy;   Planets;   Sky 
Refer  from  Biography;  Government 


Refer  from  Heating;  Physics;  Vapor  (s); 
Water 

Refer  from  Engineering;  Engines;  Loco- 
motives; Machinery;  Mechanics;  Railroads 

Refer  from    Boats    and   boating;    Ships; 
Transportation 


Refer  from    Iron;    Manufactures 

Refer  from  BickerstafT,  Isaac,  Esq..  pseud, 
(s) 
Refer  from   Art;   Handicraft 


100 


Stewart,  Alexander   Turncy 

Stewart,  Admiral   Charles 

Stilts 

Stockholm  Refer    from     Sweden — Descripiiun     and 

travel 
Stockton,  Frank  Richard 
Stoddard,    Richard    Henry 
Stone,  Lncy 
Stone 

Sec  also     Geology;     Granite;     Marble;  Refer  jrom   Geidoj^y;    Granite;   Masonry; 

Masonry;  Precious  stones;  Rocks;  Slate       Rocks. 

Stone  age 

Sec  also    Archaeology;    Man— I'rehis-  Refer  from    Archaeology;    Man— Prehis- 

toric toric 


Stores  see  Business 

Stories  see  Adventure;  Bible  stories;  Eth- 
ical stories;  Fables;  Fairy  tales;  Ghost 
stories;  Legends;  Myths;  Sagas;  School 
stories;  Sea  stories;  also  various  sub- 
jects, places  and  events,  subhead  Stories, 
e.  g.,  Flowers  —  Stories;  England  — 
Stories;   Hastings,   Battle  of  —  Stories 

Storks 

Storms 

Sec  also    Barometer;    Rain;    Snow; 
Weather;  Winds 

Stoves 

See  also  Heating 
Stowe,  Mrs  Harriet   (Beecher) 
Strafford,    [Thomas  Went  worth],   earl  of 

Strasburg 
Stratford-on-Avon 

Strawberries 
Street   cleaning 

Street  railroads 

Sec  also    Electric    railroads 

Stuart,  Lady  Arabella 

Stuart,  Charles  Edward,  the  Young  Pretender 


Stuart,  Gen.  James  Ewell  Brown 
Stuart,  Mrs  Ruth  (McEnery) 
Stuffing    of    animals    and    birds    see    Taxi- 
dermy 
Stuyvesant,  Peter 
Submarine  boats 

See  also  Torpedo  boats 


Submarine      cables      see      Atlantic      cable; 
Cables 

Success 

Sec  also   Ambition;    Business;    Charac- 
ter;  Conduct;   Occupations,   Choice   of 

Sudan 

Suez  canal 

SufTren  Saint  Tropez,   Pierre  Andre   de 


(Page  8) 


Refer  from  Cyclones  (s);  Hurricanes  (s); 
Physical  geography;  Rain;  Thunderstorms 
(s);  Tornadoes  (s);  Weather;  Winds 

Refer  from  Heating 

Refer  from  Wentworth,  Thomas,  earl  of 
Strafiford  (s) 

Refer  from  England  —  Description  and 
travel 

Refer  from  Cities;  Hygiene,  Public; 
Roads 

Refer  from  Cities;  Electric  railroads; 
Railroads;    Roads;    Transportation 

Refer  from  Charles  Edward  Stuart,  the 
Young  Pretender  (s);  Young  Pretender 
(s) 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Naval 
battles;  Navies  (s) ;  Ships;  Torpedo 
boats;  Warships 


Refer  from  Business;  Commerce;  Wealth 

Refer  from  Soudan   (s) 
Refer  from  Canals 


101 


Sugar 

Sec  also    Beet    sugar;    Candy;    Maple 
sugar 
Sulla,  [Lucius  Cornelius] 
Sumach 
Sumatra 
Summer 

See  also  Seasons 
Sumner,  Charles 
Sun 

See  also    Astronomy;    Eclipses;    Solar 
engines 

Simdials 
Sunflowers 

Surgeons  see  Doctors 

Surrey,   [Henry  Howard,]    earl  of 

Surrey,  Thomas  Howard,  earl  of  see  Nor- 
folk, Thomas  Howard,  duke  of 

Surveying 

See  also  Engineering- 
Suspension  bridges  see  Bridges;  Brooklyn 
bridge 

Swallows 

Swans 

Sweden 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  names  of  cities,  e.  g.,  Stock- 
holm 

Sweyn,  king  of  Denmark 

Swift,  Jonathan,   [dean} 

Swimming 

Sec  also  Baths  and  bathing;  Diving 

Swine  see  Pigs 

Switzerland 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  Alps  mountains;  St.  Ber- 
nard pass;  also  names  of  cities,  e.g. 
Geneva 

Swords 

See  also  Arms  and  armor;  Fencing 

Sylla  see  Sulla,  Lucius  Cornelius 

Syria 

Tableaux 

See  also   Charades;    Pageants;    Panto- 
mime; Plays 


Rc-fc  from'  Bee't  sugar;  Farming 
Refer  from  Sylla  (s) 
Refer  from    East    Indies 
Refer  from  Seasons 


Refer  from   Astronomy;    Eclipses;   Heat; 
Light;  Solar  system  (s) 


Refer  from  Howard,  Henry,  earl  of  Sur- 
rey (s) 


Refer  from   Civil   engineering    (s) ;   Engi- 
neering 


Refer  from  Scandinavia  (s) 


Refer  from  Athletics;  Baths  and  bathing. 
Sports 


Refer  from   Arms    and    armor;    Cutlery; 
Steel;  Weapons 


Refer  from  Actors  and  acting;  Amuse- 
ments; Charades;  Drama;  Pantomime; 
Plays 


Taft,  William  Howard 

Tahiti 

Tahoe,  Lake 

Taj  Mahal 

Talking  machines  see  Phonograph 

Talmud 

Tamate  see  Chalmers,  James 

Tamerlane 

Tancred 

Tangier 

Tannhauser 

Tanning 

See  also   Industries;   Leather 


102 


Refer  from   Tombs 
Refer  from  Jews 


Refer  from  Industries;  Leather 


Tapestry 

Tartars 

Sec  also  China — History;  Manchuria 
Tasmania 
Taxation 

Taxidermy 


Taylor,  Bayard 

Birthday  exercises 

Taylor,    Zachary 

Tea 

Teachers 

Sec  also    Education;    Schools;    Teach- 
ing 

Teaching 

See  also   Education;   Teachers 
Tecumseh,   Indian    chief 
Teignmouth,   [John   Shore]    baron 

Telautograph 


Telegraph 

See  also  Atlantic  cable;  Cables;  In- 
ventions; Morse,  Samuel  Finley  Breese; 
Telautograph;    Wireless    telegraphy 

Telephone 

Telescope 
Tell,  William 
Temperance 

Temperature  sec  Climate;  Weather 

Temples 

Tennessee 

Tennis 

Tennyson,  Alfred,  lord 
Tents 

See  also   Camping 
Teresa,  St.  see  Theresa,  St. 
Texas 

Textile  fabrics  sec  Cloth 
Thackeray,  W^illiam  Makepeace 
Thanksgiving  day    (Page  16) 


Thaxter,  Mrs  Celia  [(Laighton)] 

Theater  sec  Actors  and  acting;  Drama: 
Miracle  plays;  Moving  pictures;  Oper- 
ettas; Plays 

Theatricals,  Amateur  see  Plays 

Themistocles 

Theodoric  the  Great,  king  of  the  Osfrocjoths 

Theodosius   the    Great,   emperor    of   Rome 

Theresa,  St. 

Thermometer 

Sec  also  Barometer 


Refer  from    Art;    Cloth;    House    decora- 
tion;   Needlework    (s);    Sewing 


Refer  from  Government;  United  States 
— Government 

Refer  from  Animals;  Birds;  Natural  his- 
tory; Stuffing  of  animals  and  birds  (s); 
Zoology 


Refer      from      Biographj-; 
Teachinc- 


Education; 


Refer  from    Education;    Teachers 

Refer  from  Shore,  John,  baron  Teign- 
mouth  (s") 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Tele- 
graph 


Refer    from     Discoveries     (in     science); 
Electric    engineering;    Electricity;    Signals 


Refer  from  Discoveries  (in  science); 
Electric  engineering;   Electricity;  Sound 

Refer  from  Astronomy 

Refer  from  Folklore   (s);   Legends 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories; 
Hygiene;  Intemperance  (s) 

Refer  from  Archaeology 
Refer  from   United   States — History 
Refer   from    Games;    Lawn    tennis    (s) ; 
Sports 


Refer  from  Camping 


Refer  from  Anniversaries  (s);  Colonial 
period,  United  States;  Days  (s);  Festivals 
(s);  Holidays;  Pilgrim  fathers;  United 
States — Manners  and  customs 


Refer  from  Goths 


Refer  from  Teresa,  St.   (s) ;  St.    Theresa 


(s) 


Refer  from  Heat;  Physics;  Weather 


103 


Thermopylae,  Battle  of,  480  B.  C. 
Theseus 

Thibet  sec  Tibet 

Thirty  years'  war,  1618-48 

Sec  also  Europe — History;   Germany — 
History 
Thomas  a  Becket,  St. 


Thomas,  Gen.   George   Henry 

Thompson,     Sir     Benjamin    see     Rumford, 

Benjamin  Thompson,  count 
Thomson,  Joseph 
Thoreau,  Henry  David 

Birthday  exercises 

Thoroughness 
Thorvaldsen,  Albert  Bertel 
Thoughtfulness 
Thrushes 

Thunderstorms  see  Storms 
Tiberius,  emperor  of  Rome 
Tibet 

Tidal  waves 
Tides 

See  also    Astronomy;     Aloon;     Ocean; 

Physical  geography 
Tierra  del   Fuego 
Tiffany,   Charles   Lewis 
Tigers 
Timber  see   Forestry;    Lumbering;    Trees; 

Wood. 
Timbuctoo 
Timoleon 
Tin 

See  also  Metals 
Titcomb,     Timothy,     pseud,    see     Holland, 

Josiah  Gilbert 
Titian 

Titicaca,  Lake 
Titus,  emperor  of  Rome 
Toads 

Toadstools  see  Mushrooms 
Tobacco 
Toboggans 
Toledo,  Spain 

Tolstoi,   [Lyof  Nikolaievitch,]    count 
Tombs 

See  also   Catacombs;    Mound   builders: 
Pyramids;  Taj  Mahal 
Tonti,  Henri  de 
Tools 

See  also    Carpentry;    Lathes;    Machin- 
ery;  Nails  and  screws 
Tops 

Tornadoes  sec  Storms 
Torpedo  boats 

See  also  Submarine  boats;  Warships 


Torpedoes 

Tours,  Battle  of,  732 

Tourville,    [Anne    Hilarion    de    Cotentin,] 
cointe  de 


Refer  from   Myths 


Refer  from  Europe — History;  Germany — 
History;   Reformation 

Refer  from  A  Becket,  St.  Thomas  (s) ; 
Becket,  St.  Thomas  a  (s);  St.  Thomas  a 
Becket  (s) 


Refer  from  Character;   Ethical  stories 
Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  China — Description  and  trav- 
el; Thibet  (s) 


Refer  from    Astronomy;    Moon;    Ocean; 
Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Alanufactures 


Refer  from  Farming;   Smoking    (s) 

Refer  from  Sports;  Winter  sports  (s) 

Refer  from  Spain  —  Description     and 
travel 


Refer  from  Archaeology 


Refer  from    Carpentry;    Handicraft;    In- 
dustries;  Machinery;   Steel 
Refer  from  Toys 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Naval 
battles;  Navies  (s);  Ships;  Submarine 
boats;  Warships 

Refer  from  Armies   (s) ;  Explosives 


104 


Toussaint   L'Ouverture,    Frangois    Domin- 
ique 
Tower  of  London 
Toys 

See  also  Amusements;    Dolls;    Electric 

toys;  Games;  Kites;  Tops 
Track  athletics  see  Athletics 
Tracking 

Trade  sec  Business;  Commerce 
Trades  see  Business;   Occupations,   Choice 

of;   Industries;  also  names  of  industries, 

e.  g.  Blacksmithitig,  Carpentry 
Trafalgar,  Battle  of,  1805 
Trailing  sec  Tracking 
Trailing  arbutus  sec  Arbutus 
Train   stories  see  Railroads — Stories 
Trained  nurses  see  Nurses  and  nursing 
Trajan,  emperor  of  Rome 
Transportation 

Sec  also       Aeroplanes;       Automobiles; 

Canals;    Commerce;    Electric    railroads; 

Harbors;       Mail       service;       Railroads; 

Rivers;     Roads;     Ships;     Stage-coaches; 

Steamboats;  Street  railroads 

Trapping 

Sec  also   Furs;   Hunting 
Travel    (Page  22) 

See  also      Explorers;      Voyages;      also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Description 
and  travel,  e.  g.  Spain — Description  and 
travel 
Travel.  Means  of  see  Transportation 
Tree  houses 
Trees 

See  also  Arbor  day;  Big  trees;  Botany; 
Forestry;     Fruit;     Leaves;     Lumbering; 
Nuts  and  nutting;  Sawmills;  Wood;  also 
names  of  trees,  e.g.  Birch  trees,   Maple 
trees 
Trenck,   [Friedrich,]   haron  von  der 
Trenton,  Battle  of,  1776 
Tricks  and  puzzles 

Sec  also  Charades;  Magic;  Riddles 


Trinidad 

Tripoli 

Tristan  and  Isolde 

Trojan  war    (Page  9) 

See  also  Greece,  Ancient;  Troy;  Ulys- 
ses 
Tromp,  Martin  Harpertzoon 
Tropics 

Trowbridge,  John   Townsend 
Troy 

See  also  Trojan  war 
Truth 

Truthfulness 
Truxtun,  Thomas 
Tulips 
Tunis 
Tunnels 

See  also   Engineering;    Hoosac   tunnel: 


Refer  from   London 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Ganu's;  Handi- 
craft;  Mechanical   toys   (s) 

Refer  from  Hunting;  Sports;  Trailing  (s) 


Refer      from       Commerce;       Railroads; 
Travel,  Means  of  (sj 


Refer  from    Furs;    Hunting 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Description  and 
travel  (s);  Explorers;  Geography;  Voy- 
ages 


Refer  from  Houses 

Refer  from  Arbor  day;  Botany;  Ever- 
greens (s)  ;  Forestry;  Leaves;  Lumbering; 
Natural  history;  Nature;  Plants;  Timber 
(s);  Wood 


Refer  /rom  Amusements;  Charades;  Con- 
juring (s);  Magic;  Puzzles  (s);  Rid- 
dles 

Refer  from    West    Indies 

Refer  from  Isolde  (s) 

Refer  from  Agamemnon,  king  of  My- 
cenae; Heroes  and  heroism;  Troy;  Ulysses 


Refer  from    Geography;    Physical 
raphy 


jeog- 


Refer  from  Trojan  war 

Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 

Refer  fro}ii  Engineering;  Railroads 


105 


Tunnels — Continued 
Mines  and  mining 
Turbines 

Sec  also  Water  wheels 
Turkey 

■ Description  and  travel 

Turkeys 

Sec  also  Poultry 
Turner,  Joseph  Mallord  William 
Turning  .SVC  Carpentry;  Lathes 
Turpentine 
Turtles 

Twain,    Mark,    (pseud,    [of    Samuel    Lang- 

horne  Clemens]) 
Twelfth  night 

Tycho    Brahe  sec   Brahe,   Tycho 
Tyler,  John 
Tyler,  Wat 
Tyndall,  John 
Type  see   Printing 
Typewriter  see  Typewriting 
Typewriting 

Tyrol 

Uganda 

Ulysses 

See  also  Trojan  war 
Uncle     Remus,     pseud,    see     Harris,     Joel 

Chandler 
Underground  railroad  see  Slavery 
United  States    (Page  21) 
Note :      Libraries    desiring    to    keep    all   ma- 
terial together  under  United  States,  should 
follow  headings  given  on  p.  113. 

Army 

Sec  also  Army  life;  United  States — 
Nav}';  West  Point   Military  Academy 

Biography  see  Biography;  Presidents; 

also  names  of  individuals. 

Colonial    period    see    Colonial    period, 

United  States 

Constitution    see    Constitution    of   the 

United   States 

Consular  service  see  Consular  service 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  Mount  Vernon;  Niagara  falls; 
Yellowstone  national  park;  Yosemite 
valley;  also  names  of  states,  cities  and 
regions,  e.g.  Tennessee,  Boston,  (The) 
West 

• Exploration    (Page  22) 

See  also  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition; 
Mississippi  valley;  North  America — 
Discovery  and  settlement;  Northwest 
Territory;  also  names  of  explorers,  e.g. 
Fremont,  Gen.  John  Charles 

Fisheries  bureau  sec  Fish;   Fishing 

Forest  service  see  Forestry 

Government 

See  also  Civic  readers;  Constitution  of 
the  United  States:  Mail  service;  Presi- 
dents; Taxation;  Voting 


Refer  from    Engines 
Refer  from  Levant 
Refer  front  Poultry 

Refer  from    Mud   turtles    (s) 

Refer  fro>n   Clemens,   Samuel   Langhorne 


(s) 


Refer  from    Days    (s);    Holidays 


Refer  from     Business;     Typewriter     (s); 
Writing 


Refer  front  Odysseus  (s);  Trojan  war 


Refer  from  America  (s) 


Refer  front    Armies     (s);    Army,    United 
States  (s);  Soldiers 


Refer  from    Description    and    travel    (s) 
United    States — Travel    (s) 


Refer  from    Explorers;    United    States — 
History 


Refer  from  Citizenship;  Civil  government 
(s);  Congress,  United  States  (s) ;  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States;  Government; 
Government  service;  Law;  United  States 
— Politics  (s) 


106 


United    States — Continued 

History 

Sec  also  American  revolution ;  C'vil 
war,  United  States;  Colonial  period, 
United  States;  Declaration  of  independ- 
ence; Indians  of  America;  Louisiana 
purchase;  Mexican  war,  1846-48;  New 
England;  Northwest  Territory,  United 
States;  Spanish-American  war,  1898; 
United  States — Exploration;  War  of 
1812;  also  names  of  states,  e.g.  Tennessee 

Civil    war    see    Civil    war,    United 


States 
-Colonial 

period, 
-Discovery 


Colonial 


period      see 
United  States 
see    North    America — 
Discovery  and   settlement 

French  and  Indian  war  see  French 

and  Indian  war,  1755-63 

Mexican    w^ar    see    Mexican    war, 

1846-48 
Revolution   see   American    revolu- 
tion 
Spanish-American    war   see    Span- 
ish-American war,  1898 

War  of  1812  sec  War  of  1812 

Industries  sec  Industries 

Manners  and  customs 

Sec  also       Colonial       period.        United 
States;     Manners    and    customs;     Inde- 
pendence   day;    Memorial    day;    Thanks- 
giving day 
Military  Academy  sec  West  Point  Mil- 
itary Academy 

Mint  sec  Mints 

-Navy 

Sec  alsa    Naval     battles;     Naval     life; 
also    names    of   vessels,    e.g.    Merrimac 
(ship) 
Politics    sec    United     States — Govern- 
ment 
— ■ — Presidents  see  Presidents 

Travel  sec  United  States — Description 

and  travel 
United  States  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis 

United  States,  Naval  War  College,  New- 
port, R.  I.  see  Naval  War  College,  New- 
port, R.  I. 

Unselfishness 

Uruguay 

Useful  arts  see  Handicraft;  Industries; 
Manufactures 

Usefulness 

Vaca.  Alvarez  Nunez  Cabe^a  de  see  Nunez 
Cabeqa   de    Vaca,   Alvarez 

Valentine's   day 

Valerius,  Publius 

Valor  sec  Courage:  Heroes  and  heroism 

Van  Buren,  Martin 

Vandals 

Vanderbilt,   Cornelius,   called  Commodore 

Van  Dyck,  Anton 

Vane,  .V(>  Harry 

Van  Eyck,  Hubert  see  Eyck,  Hubert  vai 


Refer  from  American  history  (s);  Amer- 
ican revolution;   Indians  of  America 


Refer  from    Naval    battles;     Naval    life; 
Navies  (s)  ;  United  States — Army 


Refer  from     Annapolis,      United      States 
Naval  Academy   (s);   Naval  life 


Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 
(Page  19) 
Refer  from  Character;  Ethical  stories 


Refer  from  Days  (s);  Holidays;  St.  \'al- 
entine's   da)'   (s) 


107 


Van   Rensselaer,   Stephen 

Vapor  sec  J'Lvaporation;   Steam 

Vasco  da  Gama  sec  Gama,   Vasco   da 

Vasquez  de   Coronado,  Francisco  see  Cor- 
onado,    Francisco  Vasqucz   de 

Vassals  see  Feudal  system 

Vatican 

Vegetables 

See  also  Cooking;  Gardens  and  garden- 
ing; Markets;  Potatoes 

Velasquez,    [Diego   Rodriguez  de   Silva  y] 

Venezuela 

Venice 

Ventriloquism 

Venus  of  Mile 

Vercheres,  Mary  Madeleine  de 

Vermont 

Vernet,  Horace 

Verrazzano,  Giovanni  da 

Vespasian,   emperor   of   Rome 

Vespucci,  Amerigo 

Vesuvius,  Mount 

Victoria,    queen    of  lingland 

Victoria  cross 

Victoria   falls 

Victoria,  Lake 

Vienna 

Vikings  see  Norsemen 

Vincent  de  Paul,  St.  ,^ 

Vinci,  Leonardo  da  sec  LeonaVdo  da  Vinci 

Virgil 

Virginia,  Roman   maiden 

Virginia    (state) 

Volcanoes 

Sec  also    Earthquakes;     Etna,     Mount: 

Geology;   Kilauea;    Physical   geography; 

Popocatepetl;  Vesuvius,  Mount 
Voltaire.  [Frangois  Marie  Arouet  de] 
Voting 

See  also  Citizenship 

Voyages    (Page  22) 

See  also  Adventure;  /\ntarctic  regions; 

Arctic    regions;    Explorers;    Geography; 

Pirates;     Sailors;     Travel;     Whales    and 

whaling 
Vultures 

Wagner,  Richard 
Stories    from    his    operas    see    Operas, 

Stories  from 
Waldenses 
Wales 
Walking 

Wall  of  China 

Wallace,  Sir  William 

Wallenstein 

Walnut  trees 

Walrus 

Walton,  Izaak 

Wampum 


Refer  from     Rome     (cit)-) 

Refer  from  Farming;  Food;  Gardens  and 
rardening;    I'otatoes 


Refer  from  Italy — Description  and  travel 
Refer  from  Amusements 


Refer  from  Italy — Description  and  travel; 
Volcanoes 


Refer  from   Lakes 

Refer  from    Austria-Hungary  —  Descrip- 
tion and  travel 

Refer  from  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  (s) 


Refer  from    Earth;    Geology;    Lava    (sj: 
Mountains;  Physical  geography- 


Refer  from  Government;  United  States — - 
Government 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Description  and 
travel  (s);  Discoveries  (in  geography)  (s); 
Explorers;  Geography;  Naval  life;  Ocean; 
Travel 

Refer  from  Musicians 


Refer  from  Athletics;  Exercise  (s) ;  Out- 
door  life;    Running;   Sports 

Refer  from  China,  Wall  of  (s);  Great 
wall  of  China   (s) 


Refer  from  Ocean  life 

Refer  from  Indians  of  America;  Monej'- 


108 


Wandering  Jew 

War    (Page  22) 

Sec  also  Battles;  Naval  battles;  Peace; 
also  names  of  wars,  e.g.  Civil  war, 
United  States;  Franco-Ciernian  war, 
1870-71 

Stories  sec  names  of  special  wars.  e.g. 

Civil     war,      United      States — Stories, 
Crimean  war — Stories 

War  games 

War  of  1812 

Sec  also  Erie,  Lake,  Battle  of,  1813; 
also  names  of  naval  and  military  com- 
manders, e.g.  Perry,  Oliver  Hazard,  com- 
modore; McDonough,  Thomas;  Jackson, 
Andrew 

War  of  the  Spanish  succession  sec  Spanish 
succession,  War  of,  1701-14 

War  songs  sec  Songs 

Warbeck,   Perkin 

Ward,  Mrs  Elizabeth   Stuart   (Phelps) 

Warner,   Charles   Dudley 

Warships 

Sec  also  Armor  plate;  Naval  battles; 
Submarine  boats;  Torpedo  boats;  also 
names  of  individual  ships,  e.g.  Albemarle 
(ship),    Constitution    (ship) 

Warwick,    [Richard    Neville],    earl   of 

Warwick  castle 

Washington,  Booker  T[aliaferro] 

Washington,    George 

Sec  also   Mount   Vernon 
Washington,  Mrs  Mary    [(Ball)] 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Washington's  birthday     (Page    16) 

Wasp   (ship) 
Wasps 

Watches  see  Clocks  and  watches 
Water 

Sec  also    Dew;    Frost;     Geysers;     Ice; 

Physical      geograph}';       Rain;       Rivers; 

Snow;  Springs;  Steam 
Water  color  painting  see  Painting 
Water  lilies 
Water  power 

Water  supply 

See  also    Aqueducts;     Artesian     wells; 
Canals;    Dams;   Lakes;    Pumps;    Rivers; 
Springs;  Water 
Water  wheels 

Water   works  see  Water   supply 
Waterloo,  Battle  of,  1815 

Watt,  James 
Waves 

Wax  flowers 

Wayland  the  Smith 
Wayne,  Gen.  Anthony 


Refer  from  Folklore  (s);  Legends 
Refer  from   Fighting   (s) 


Refer  from  Games 

Refer  from      United      States  —   History; 
United  States— History— War  of  1812  (s) 


Refer  from   Phelps,   Elizabeth  Stuart   (s) 


Refer  from  Armor  plate;  Armored  ves- 
sels (s) ;  Battle-ships  (s);  Fleets  (s);  Iron- 
clads (s);  Naval  battles;  Navies  (s) ;  Ships; 
Steamboats;  Torpedo  boats 

Refer  from  Neville.  Richard,  earl  of  War- 
wick  (s);    (The)    King-maker   (s) 

Refer  from  Castles 


Refer    from    Birthdays     (s);     Days    (s) ; 
Holidays 


Refer  from     Ice;     Physical     geography; 
Physics;  Water  supply 


Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering  (s); 
Rivers 

Refer  from  Dams;  Engineering;  Hy- 
giene. Public;  Pumps;  Rivers;  Water 
works    (s) 

Refer  from  Machinery;  Turbines;  Wheels 
(s)   ■ 

Refer  from  France — History;  Napoleon 
1,   emperor   of  the   French 

Refer  from  Steam   engines 

Refer  from  Ocean;  Physical  geography; 
Physics 

Refer  from  Artificial  flowers  (s);  Flow- 
ers; Flowers  (artificial)   (s) 

Refer  from  Folklore  (s) ;  Legends 


109 


Wealth 

Sec  also  Banks  and  banking;  Business; 
Money;  Success 
Weapons 

Sec  also    Arms      and      armor;      Guns; 
Knives;  Swords 
Weasels 
Weather 

See  also  Air;  Barometer;  Climate; 
Clouds;  Rain;  Seasons;  Snow;  Storms: 
Thermometer;  Winds 

Weaving 

Sec  also  Baskets;  Carpets;  Cloth;  Raf- 
fia work;  Rugs 

Weber,  Carl  Maria  von 
Webster,  Daniel 
Weeds 

Wellesley,  Arthur,  duke  of  Wellington  sec 

Wellington,   Arthur   Wellesley,    duke    of 

Wellington,    [Arthur    Wellesley],    duhe   of 

Wentworth.  Thomas,  earl  of  Strafford  sec 
Strafford,    Thomas    Wentworth    earl    of 

Wesley,  John 

Wesley,  Mrs  Susanna   (^Annesley) 

West,  Benjamin 

(The)  West    (Page  21) 

See  also  Colorado  river;  Frontier  life; 
Indians  of  America;  Lewis  and  Clark 
expedition;  Northwest  Territory,  United 
States;  Prairies;  Ranch  life;  Rocky 
mountains;  Yellowstone  national  park; 
Yosemite  valley;  also  names  of  western 
states,  e.g.   California,   Colorado 

West  Indies 

See  also  Bahama  islands;  Cuba;  Hayti; 
Jamaica;  Porto  Rico;  Trinidad 

West  Point  Military  Academy 


Westminster  abbey 
Wetzel,  Lewis 
Whales  and  whaling 
Wheat 

See  also   Flour;   Grain 
Wheeler,  Gen.  Joseph 
Wheels  sec  Water  wheels 
Whippoorwills 
White  mountains 
Whitman,  Marcus 
Whitney,  Eli 
Whittier,  John  Greenleaf 

Birthday  exercises 

Wickliffe.  John  sec  Wycliffe,  John 
Wiclif,  John  sec  Wycliffe,  John 
Wilberforce,  William 
Wild   animals  sec  Animals 
Wild  flowers  see  Flowers 
Wildcats   see   Lynxes 
Wilkie,  Sir  David 


Refer  front  Business;   Money 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;   Guns 


Refer  from  Atmosphere  (s);  Climate; 
Clouds;  Meteorology  (s);  Physical  geog- 
raphy; Physics;  Rain;  Seasons;  Sky; 
Storms;  Temperature  (s);  Winds 

Refer  from  Cloth;  Cotton;  Handicraft; 
Industries;  Looms  (s);  Rugs 


Refer  from  Botany;  Gardens  and  garden- 
ig;  Plants 


Refer  from    Wellesley,    Arthur,    duke    of 
Wellington  (s) 


Refer  from   Painters 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Frontier  life;  In- 
dians of  America;  Lewis  and  Clark  expe- 
dition; Ranch  life;  Rocky  mountains; 
United    .States — Description    and   travel 


Refer  from  .Soldiers;  United  States  — 
Arm}';  United  States — Military  Academy 
(s) 

Refer  from  London 

Refer  from  Fishing;  Ocean  life;  Voyages 

Refer  from  Farming;  Flour;  Grain 


Refer  froyii    Cotton   gin 


110 


Wilkins,    Mary     E [leaner,    afterzvard    Mrs 

Freeman] 
Willard,  Frances  E[lizabeth] 
William  I,  the  Conqueror,  king  of  England 
William    I,    German    emperor   and    king    of 

Prussia 
William  of  Orange,  called  the  Silent 
William  the  Silent  see  William  of  Orange, 

called  the  Silent 
Williams,   Roger 
Willis,  Nathaniel  Parker 
Willow  trees 
Wilson,  Richard 
Windmills 
^A/inds 

See  also  Storms;  Weather 

Windsor  castle 

Wine 

Winkelried  Arnold  von 

Winter 

Sec  also  Seasons 
Winter     sports    see     Hockey;     Ice     boats; 
Skating;  Snowshoes;  Sports;  Toboggans 
Winthrop  John 
Wireless  telegraphy 

Wisconsin 

Wister,  Sarah 

Wit  and  humor  sec  Humor 

Witchcraft 

Wolf  sec  Wolves 

Wolsey,    [Thomas,]    cardinal 

Wolves 

Women — Biography 

Sec  also  Biographj';  Girls;  Queens: 
also  names  of  famous  women,  e.g.  Al- 
cott.  Louisa  May;  Anne,  queen  of  Eng- 
land 

Wonders  of  the  world  sec  Seven  wonders 
of  the   world 

Wood,  Sir  Andrew 

Wood 

Sec  also  Bamboo;  Lumbering;  Trees 

Wood  carving 

Sec  also  Fretwork;  "Furniture;  Handi- 
craft 

Woodchucks 

Woodpeckers 

Woodwork  see  Carpentry;  Lathes;  Manual 

training;    Pyrography 
Wool 

Sec  also  Cloth;  Dyeing;  Sheep 
Words 

Sec  also  Names 
Wordsworth,  William 
World  see  Earth 
Worms 

Sec  also  Caterpillars;  Silkworms 
Worms,  Germany 
Wrecks  see  Shipwrecks 
Wren,  Sir  Christopher   «•; 
Wrens 


Refer  from  Freeman,  Mrs  Mary  Eleanor 
(Wilkins)    (s) 


Refer  from  William  the  Silent   (s) 


Refer  from  Machinery 

Refer  from  Physical  geography;  Storms; 
Weather 

Refer  from  Castles 


Refer  from   Frost;   .Seasons 

Refer  from    Electric    engineering;    Elec- 
tricity; Signals;  Telegrapli 


Refer  from  Conjuring  (s);  Alagic 

Refer  from  Wolf  (s) 

Refer  from   Biography;  Girls 


Refer  from  Forestry;  Fuel  (s);  Heating; 
Lumbering;  Timber  (s);  Trees 

Refer  from  Art;  Carpentry;  Carving  (s); 
Handicraft;  Fretwork;  Manual  training; 
Sculpture 

Refer  from  Ground  hogs   (s) 


Refer  from  Cloth;  Sheep 
Refer  from    Language 

Refer  from  Animals;  Zoology 


in 


4 


Writers  sec  Authors 
Writing 

Sec  also     Alpluiljct;     Authors;     Books 

and    reading;    Lettering;    I'apcr;    Tens; 

Shorthand;   Typewriting 
Wu  Hou,  cnif>ress  of  China 
Wycliffe,  John 

X    rays 

Sec  also   Electricity;   Radium 

Xavier,   St.    Francis  sec   Francisco    Xavier, 

St. 
Xenophon 

Xerxes   the   Great,  kiiuj   of  I'crsia 
Yachts  and  yachting 

Sec  also    Boats     and     hoating;    Canoes 

and   canoeing;    Ice  boats 

Yellowstone  national  park 
Yosemite  valley 

Young   Pretender  sec  Stuart,   Charles   Ed- 
ward, llie   Voting  Pretender 

Yucatan 

Zane,  Elizabeth 

Zanzibar 

Zenobia,  queen  of  Palmyra 

Zeppelins  sec  Airships 

Zinc 

Sec  also  Brass;  Metals 

Zoology    (Page  18) 

Sec  also  Animals;  Birds;  Evolution; 
Fish;  Fossils;  Hibernation;  Insects; 
Menageries;  Natural  history;  Nature; 
Nests;  Ocean  life;  Reptiles;  Snakes; 
Taxidermy;  Worms;  also  names  of  ani- 
mals, e.g.  Dogs,  Reindeer 

Zulus 


Refer  from    Alphabet;    Handwriting    (s) 


Refer  from  Wiclif,  John    (sj;    W'ickliffc, 
John  (s) 

Refer  from   Electricity;   Light;   Radium; 
Roentgen  rays  (sj 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Sailing 
(s);  Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Sports;  Steam- 
boats 

Refer  from  United  States  —  Description 
and  travel;   (The)   West 

Refer  from  United  States  —  Description 
and  travel;  (The)  West 


Refer  from    Animal    kingdom     (s);    Aii 
imals;  Natural  history;  Nature;  Science 


112 


UNITED  STATES 
(See  pages   21    and   28} 
The    following  list   is   appended    for   tlie 
use   of   libraries    desiring   to   keep   all    ma- 
terial   together    under    the    United    States. 

United  States 

Army 

Biography 

Colonial    period    see    United    States — 

Historj^ — Colonial  period 

Commerce 

Constitution 

Consular  service 

Description  and  travel 

Exploration 

Finance 

Government 

History 

Discover}-    see    North    America — 

Disco\er_\-  and  settlement 

Colonial  period 

French  and  Indian  war 

Revolution 

War  of  1812 

-War  with  Mexico 


-Civil  war 

-War  with  Spain 


— Indians  see  Indians  of  America 

— Industries 

— Manners  and  customs 

— Military  Academy  see  West  Point 
Military  Academy 

— Mint 

— Navy 

— Politics  see  United  States — Govern- 
ment 

— Presidents 

— Travel  see  United  States — Description 
and  travel 


113 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 

SEP  1  0  1959 

MAY  2  7  1961 

JUN  1      1961 

APR2  3  1963 

1 

MY  2     I9G5 

_ 

JUN    2]965 

MAY  3  1  1967 

II  iM  1  7  1P7'^ 

JUN  1  '   '-^'^ 

JUN  8     1974 

DE^  13  1974 

General  Library 
LD  21-50to-8,'57                                  University  of  California 
(,C8481sl0)476                                                  Berkeley 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  LIBRARY 


